The opossum, often called a “possum,” is a nocturnal marsupial found in diverse environments, from woodlands to suburban backyards. These highly adaptable mammals often spark curiosity due to their unique appearance and surprising behaviors. People frequently search for basic facts, including the formal term for a gathering of these animals. Understanding the distinctions between the species and their unusual biology helps reveal the true nature of these creatures.
The Direct Answer
The collective noun for a group of opossums, specifically the North American species, is a “passel.” This term is the most commonly accepted formal noun used to describe a gathering of these marsupials. Other, less common terms such as a “cete” have also been suggested historically.
Collective nouns for animals are often archaic or rarely used by scientists. For practical purposes, most people, including wildlife experts, simply refer to a “group” or “colony” of possums or opossums.
Geographic and Biological Distinctions
The term “possum” causes confusion because it refers to two biologically distinct groups of marsupials on separate continents. The North American animal is properly called the opossum (order Didelphimorphia) and is the only marsupial native to the continent. Australian possums (order Diprotodontia) include species like the common brushtail possum.
These two groups are physically different. The North American opossum has a long, pointed snout, hairless ears, and a bare, prehensile tail. Australian possums typically have a rounder face, larger ears, and a thick, bushy tail. The North American opossum is an opportunistic omnivore, while Australian possums are generally herbivores.
Specialized Survival Mechanisms
The Virginia opossum possesses a defensive behavior known as “playing possum.” This reaction is an involuntary physiological response to extreme fear, similar to fainting in humans. When severely threatened, the animal enters a catatonic state called tonic immobility, which can last from a few minutes up to four hours.
During this state, the opossum’s body goes limp, breathing becomes shallow, and it may drool and secrete a foul-smelling fluid from its anal glands. This odor mimics the smell of decay, signaling to predators that the animal is diseased or dead, which encourages them to move on.
A significant adaptation is their high degree of immunity to the venom of many pit vipers, including rattlesnakes and cottonmouths. Scientists have identified a peptide in the opossum’s blood that can neutralize the toxins. This natural defense is being studied for the potential development of a universal antivenom for human use.