Collective nouns for animal groups often move far beyond the simple term “flock.” These specialized names transform the mundane act of grouping into something poetic or evocative. For the highly intelligent birds belonging to the Corvidae family, such as crows and ravens, this tradition has resulted in some of the most memorable and peculiar names in the English language. This nomenclature reflects a long-standing human curiosity and sometimes unease regarding these particular black birds.
The Collective Nouns for Crows and Ravens
The most recognized collective noun for a gathering of crows is a “murder.” A group of crows may also be referred to by less common terms such as a “mob” or a “horde.” Ravens, which are distinct species from crows, are given equally striking collective nouns that speak to their solitary nature and perceived cunning. A group of these larger corvids is traditionally known as an “unkindness” or, alternatively, a “conspiracy.” Although ornithologists often use the straightforward term “flock” for both species, the traditional names persist in literature and common culture.
The Folklore and Origin of These Names
These unusual collective nouns trace their origins back to the Late Middle Ages, specifically the 15th century, with the creation of “Books of Courtesy.” These handbooks compiled idiosyncratic names for groups of animals, often as a form of social amusement. The name “murder” for crows stems from the bird’s association with death and carrion feeding, cementing the crow’s image in folklore as a harbinger of ill fortune. Similarly, the term “unkindness” for ravens reflects the ancient belief that they were neglectful of their young. The noun “conspiracy” highlights the raven’s intelligence and their tendency to be observed in small, secretive groups.
Physical Differences Between Crows and Ravens
Although often confused due to their similar all-black plumage, the common raven (Corvus corax) and the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) have several distinguishing physical characteristics. Ravens are noticeably larger (24 to 27 inches in length with a wingspan up to 46 inches), while crows are smaller (wingspan of about 36 inches). The tail shape is a key visual difference in flight: ravens display a wedge or diamond-shaped tail, whereas crows have a fan-shaped or square-tipped tail. Ravens also possess a thicker, more curved beak and shaggy throat feathers, known as hackles, which crows lack. Their vocalizations differ significantly, with the crow emitting a higher-pitched, simple “caw,” and the raven producing a deeper, guttural croaking sound.