A gastrostomy tube, commonly known as a G-tube, is a medical device that provides a direct pathway for nutrition, fluids, and medication into the stomach. It is used when individuals cannot safely or adequately consume nourishment by mouth, ensuring proper hydration and nutrition.
What a Gastrostomy Tube Is
A gastrostomy tube is a flexible, hollow tube inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach. This surgical opening, or stoma, allows direct access for administering liquid nutrition, water, or medications, bypassing the mouth and esophagus.
G-tubes come in several forms, including longer tubes and low-profile “button” tubes. Both types are designed to remain securely in place, often using an internal balloon or bumper to prevent dislodgement.
Reasons for G-Tube Placement
Individuals receive G-tubes when they cannot safely or adequately consume food and liquids orally to meet their nutritional needs. A common indication is dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, which can lead to a risk of aspiration, where food or liquid enters the lungs.
G-tubes are also used when individuals cannot consume enough calories by mouth to support growth or maintain weight. They can also provide direct access for administering medications or for gastric decompression, which involves releasing excess air or fluid from the stomach.
G-Tube Care and Daily Life
Daily G-tube care is important for preventing complications. This includes regularly cleaning the skin around the stoma with mild soap and water to remove drainage or crusting. The area should be thoroughly dried, and the site inspected daily for changes like redness, swelling, or unusual discharge.
Feeding and medication administration through a G-tube can be done using various methods. Bolus feeding delivers nutrition over a short period, while continuous feeding administers formula slowly over several hours. Medications are also administered through the tube, with flushing before and after to prevent clogging.
Individuals with a G-tube can maintain an active daily life. Bathing is generally permissible, and many everyday activities can be resumed once the stoma has healed. Securing the tube to prevent pulling or excessive movement is important, and physical activity is encouraged with appropriate precautions.
Common Concerns with G-Tubes
While G-tubes are beneficial, common issues can arise that generally respond to appropriate care. Leakage around the tube site is a frequent concern, often due to a poor fit, a deflated balloon, or excess gastric secretions. This leakage can cause skin irritation or the development of granulation tissue.
Tube dislodgement requires prompt attention to prevent the stoma from closing. Blockages can also occur, typically from inadequately crushed medications or formula left in the tube, which can often be resolved by flushing. Signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or foul-smelling discharge, indicate a need for medical evaluation and potentially antibiotic treatment.