Gulls are highly social birds, and their tendency to gather in large numbers has led to the creation of several accepted collective nouns. The specific name often depends on the behavior or environment in which the birds are observed. Understanding these names offers a glimpse into the diverse habits of these widely distributed birds across various environments.
The Specific Names for Groups of Gulls
The most common collective term for a group of gulls is a colony, particularly when referring to birds gathered for nesting. These breeding colonies can form on cliffs, islands, or coastal areas, sometimes including several thousand individuals. A more general and widely accepted term for any group of gulls is a flock, especially when the birds are flying or feeding together. Other collective nouns are descriptive of the gulls’ noisy nature. A group may be called a screech or a squabble, reflecting the loud vocalizations used while arguing over food. When gulls are observed capitalizing on a temporary food source, such as waste at a landfill, the group may be referred to as a scavenging.
Gulls are Not Just “Seagulls”
The term “seagull” is a common colloquialism, but it is a misnomer, as many species do not exclusively inhabit the sea. The collective group is accurately referred to as gulls, which are part of the family Laridae, a group that also includes terns and skimmers. There are approximately 50 to 55 species of gulls found on every continent, varying in size, markings, and primary habitat. This wide distribution and varied diet across species support the preference for the more accurate term “gull.”
Ring-billed Gull
The Ring-billed Gull is a medium-sized species often found far inland around lakes and rivers. It is characterized by its yellow legs and a distinct black ring on its bill.
American Herring Gull
The American Herring Gull is larger, with pink legs and a heavier bill featuring a red spot near the tip. This species is commonly found along coastlines and large bodies of water.
Great Black-backed Gull
The Great Black-backed Gull is one of the largest gull species, notable for its dark slate-gray to black back and wings, a massive bill, and flesh-pink legs. While gulls are highly adaptable, this species tends to be the most strictly marine, contrasting with species like the Ring-billed Gull, which feed more commonly on land.
Why Gulls Gather in Large Numbers
The formation of large groups is a survival strategy driven by three primary biological and behavioral needs.
Safety from Predators
One significant driver is the need for safety, as congregating offers protection against predators through the principle of dilution. A large number of birds also establishes a communal alarm system. A warning from one individual quickly alerts the entire group.
Efficient Foraging
Gulls also gather in large numbers for efficient resource exploitation, especially when foraging. When a temporary, abundant food source is located, such as a school of fish near the surface or a newly exposed area of worms, the birds quickly aggregate to maximize the opportunity. This collective foraging behavior makes it easier to spot and exploit patchy food sources.
Communal Nesting
The third major reason for large gatherings is the necessity of communal nesting during the breeding season. Gulls are colonial breeders, meaning they utilize specific locations to lay eggs and raise their young. These breeding colonies are often situated in protected areas like islands or cliffs. Concentrating thousands of birds into a small area enhances the protection of nests and chicks.