Flat warts are common, benign skin growths caused by specific strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). These small, smooth lesions typically appear on the skin’s surface, often as subtle changes in texture rather than prominent bumps.
Identifying Flat Warts: Appearance and Location
Flat warts, also known as verruca plana, have distinct characteristics. They are small, pinhead-sized lesions, typically 1 to 5 millimeters across. These warts have a flat-topped surface and smooth texture, unlike rough or raised wart types. Their color varies, appearing skin-colored, yellowish-brown, pink, or sometimes whitish, purple, or brown in darker skin tones.
Flat warts frequently appear in clusters, sometimes numbering from a dozen to hundreds in one area. Common locations include the face, neck, and backs of the hands, as well as arms, legs, and shins. In areas prone to shaving, such as the beard or legs, flat warts may appear along nicks or cuts.
Causes and Spread
Flat warts result from infection with specific low-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), commonly types 3, 10, 28, and 49. These are not the same types that cause genital warts or certain cancers.
The virus primarily spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact, especially when there are small breaks or scratches in the skin. Factors increasing susceptibility include a weakened immune system, poor hygiene, and activities like shaving that create micro-abrasions. The virus can also spread from one part of the body to another through scratching or touching contaminated objects.
Treatment and Management
Flat warts often clear on their own, typically within several months to two years; approximately 78% disappear within two years. For those seeking faster clearance, various treatment options are available. Over-the-counter remedies with salicylic acid are a common initial approach, dissolving infected skin layers.
When over-the-counter methods are insufficient or for widespread or persistent warts, professional medical interventions may be considered. These include cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen) or electrocautery (burning with an electric needle). Laser treatment and topical prescription medications like retinoids (e.g., tretinoin), imiquimod, or fluorouracil are also options, encouraging the skin to peel and shed the warts.
Seek medical advice if warts are painful, spreading rapidly, interfere with daily life, or if diagnosis is uncertain. Practicing good hygiene, avoiding direct contact with warts, and not sharing personal items like towels or razors can help prevent their spread.