A fever in a 5-month-old infant is a common symptom, indicating the body’s natural response to infection. The body raises its temperature as a defense mechanism to fight off germs. Understanding what constitutes a fever and how to respond helps parents provide appropriate care and know when to seek medical attention.
Understanding Fever in a 5-Month-Old
For infants, a fever is precisely defined as a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. Pediatricians recommend using a digital rectal thermometer for this age group, as it provides the most accurate measurement of the baby’s core body temperature.
Other methods, such as axillary (armpit), ear (tympanic), or temporal (forehead) thermometers, are less reliable for precise fever diagnosis in infants, with ear thermometers generally not accurate before 6 months of age.
To accurately take a rectal temperature, begin by cleaning the tip of a digital rectal thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. Apply a small amount of petroleum jelly to the tip for easier insertion and the baby’s comfort. Position your baby on their stomach across your lap, or on their back with legs lifted towards their chest, similar to a diaper-changing position. Gently insert the lubricated thermometer tip about 0.5 to 1 inch (1.25 to 2.5 cm) into the rectum, stopping if you feel any resistance. Hold the thermometer steadily in place until it beeps, indicating the reading is complete. After removing the thermometer, read the temperature and then clean the device thoroughly for future use.
Common Reasons for Fever
Fevers in 5-month-old infants signal the body’s immune system responding to an infection. Viral infections are frequently the cause, including common illnesses like colds or the flu. These viral agents trigger an immune response, elevating body temperature as a defense mechanism. Fever may be the initial symptom before other signs, such as a runny nose or cough, develop.
Bacterial infections can also lead to fever in infants, such as ear infections or urinary tract infections, which require medical evaluation. While less common than viral causes, these infections can be more serious and may necessitate specific treatments.
A mild fever in a 5-month-old can also be a reaction to recent vaccinations. Infants may develop a low-grade fever lasting a day or two after immunizations, indicating the vaccine is stimulating the immune system to build protection. Teething does not typically cause a true fever.
When to Seek Medical Help
Knowing when to seek medical attention for a fever in a 5-month-old is important. Any infant under three months with a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher should be seen by a doctor immediately. For a 5-month-old, a rectal temperature exceeding 100.4°F (38°C) warrants a call to the pediatrician.
Contact a pediatrician or seek urgent care if the fever is accompanied by concerning symptoms. These include unusual drowsiness, difficulty waking the baby, or inconsolable, high-pitched crying. Other indicators requiring prompt medical evaluation are difficulty breathing, a new rash, or signs of dehydration like fewer wet diapers or a lack of tears when crying.
Additional symptoms necessitating medical attention include poor feeding, repeated vomiting or diarrhea, a stiff neck, or any seizure activity. If the fever lasts for more than 24 to 72 hours, even without other severe symptoms, consult a healthcare provider.
Providing Comfort and Care at Home
Once medical advice confirms the fever is manageable at home, several measures can help keep a 5-month-old comfortable. Ensure adequate hydration by offering breast milk or formula more frequently. If the infant is experiencing vomiting or diarrhea, a doctor might recommend an oral rehydration solution to replenish lost fluids.
Dress the baby in lightweight clothing to allow heat to escape, and maintain a comfortable room temperature. Avoid bundling the infant, even with chills, as this can trap heat and raise temperature further. Providing comfort through soothing and plenty of rest also contributes to their well-being.
Fever-reducing medications like infant acetaminophen can be used, but consult a doctor for the correct dosage based on the baby’s weight. Ibuprofen is not recommended for infants under 6 months. Never give aspirin to an infant due to the risk of Reye syndrome. The goal of these medications is to enhance comfort, not necessarily to bring the temperature down to a specific normal level. A lukewarm bath may also help provide comfort, but avoid cold baths or alcohol rubs as they can cause shivering and rapid temperature drops.