A double row of eyelashes is a rare characteristic where an individual possesses an additional set of eyelashes. This unique feature can sometimes present as a full second line of lashes, or it might involve just a few extra hairs. These additional lashes can vary in appearance, often being thinner or shorter than the primary eyelashes.
Understanding a Double Row of Eyelashes
The medical term for a double row of eyelashes is distichiasis, a condition characterized by the growth of eyelashes from the meibomian glands along the inner edge of the eyelid. These glands typically produce oils that help lubricate the eye and prevent tear evaporation. Instead of hair follicles, these glands abnormally differentiate to produce eyelashes.
These additional eyelashes often differ from normal lashes, frequently being thinner, shorter, and lighter in color. While normal eyelashes grow along the outer edge of the eyelid, the extra lashes in distichiasis emerge from the wet inner edge. This condition is considered uncommon, affecting approximately 1 in 10,000 people. It is distinct from trichiasis, where normally growing eyelashes are misdirected and turn inward towards the eye, causing irritation.
How a Double Row of Eyelashes Develops
Distichiasis can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired). Congenital distichiasis is often linked to genetic factors, with a mutation in the FOXC2 gene on chromosome 16 being a common cause. This gene is involved in the development of various organs and tissues before birth, and its mutation can lead to the abnormal formation of hair follicles where meibomian glands should be.
Congenital distichiasis can occur as an isolated finding or as part of a broader genetic condition, such as Lymphedema-Distichiasis Syndrome (LDS). LDS is characterized by double eyelashes and lymphedema, the accumulation of fluid in body tissues. Acquired distichiasis develops due to various factors affecting the eyelids, including chronic inflammation, trauma, or certain medical conditions. Examples include severe blepharitis (eyelid inflammation), chemical burns to the eye, or other disorders affecting the meibomian glands.
Living with a Double Row of Eyelashes
The impact of distichiasis varies significantly, from no symptoms to considerable irritation. Common issues arise when the extra lashes rub against the eye’s surface, leading to symptoms like eye irritation, a sensation of having a foreign object in the eye, and excessive tearing. Other possible symptoms include redness, light sensitivity, and even corneal abrasions or ulcerations due to persistent rubbing.
Diagnosis of distichiasis typically occurs during a comprehensive eye examination using a slit-lamp, which allows an eye specialist to closely view the eyelashes and the eye’s surface. Management approaches depend on the severity of symptoms. For mild cases, conservative methods like lubricating eye drops and warm compresses can help alleviate discomfort. Maintaining good eyelid hygiene is also beneficial.
When symptoms are more pronounced or complications arise, interventional treatments may be necessary. Procedures such as epilation, which involves plucking the problematic lashes, can offer temporary relief. For more permanent solutions, cryotherapy (freezing), electrolysis, or laser ablation can be used to destroy the hair follicles and prevent regrowth. These treatments aim to relieve symptoms and prevent corneal damage. It is advisable to consult an ophthalmologist if experiencing persistent irritation, changes in vision, or eye pain.