A deep cleaning of teeth, medically known as scaling and root planing, is a specialized dental procedure. It addresses issues below the gumline that routine cleanings cannot reach. This treatment targets specific dental health concerns.
Understanding Deep Cleaning
Deep cleaning differs significantly from a routine dental cleaning. A regular cleaning focuses on removing plaque and tartar from above the gumline, primarily on visible tooth surfaces. In contrast, a deep cleaning extends beneath the gumline, targeting tooth roots and the pockets that form between gums and teeth.
The procedure involves two main components: scaling and root planing. Scaling meticulously removes accumulated plaque, tartar, and bacteria from tooth surfaces, both above and below the gumline, reaching into periodontal pockets. Root planing then smooths rough tooth root surfaces, making it more challenging for bacteria to reattach and promoting gum reattachment to teeth. This comprehensive approach helps eliminate infection and inflammation that regular brushing and flossing cannot address.
When is a Deep Cleaning Recommended?
A deep cleaning is recommended when signs of gum disease, specifically periodontitis, are present. Gum disease begins with gingivitis, characterized by inflamed, red, or bleeding gums. If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, an advanced stage where plaque and tartar accumulate below the gumline.
This accumulation causes gums to pull away from teeth, forming periodontal pockets. These pockets can deepen, harboring bacteria and leading to bone loss around teeth. Indications for a deep cleaning include persistent bad breath, sensitive or receding gums, loose teeth, or visible tooth root exposure. Dentists use a periodontal probe to measure pocket depth; depths over 3-4 millimeters suggest a deep cleaning.
The Deep Cleaning Process
The deep cleaning procedure begins with local anesthetic to numb gums and surrounding areas, ensuring patient comfort. This numbing allows the dental professional to work thoroughly below the gumline without causing pain, although patients may still feel pressure or vibration. The procedure is performed in multiple appointments, cleaning one side or quadrant at a time to manage discomfort and allow for healing.
The first step, scaling, involves using specialized instruments to remove plaque, tartar, and bacterial toxins. Dental professionals may use handheld manual scalers or ultrasonic devices, which employ high-frequency vibrations and a water spray to dislodge stubborn deposits. The hygienist meticulously cleans all tooth surfaces, extending deep into periodontal pockets.
Following scaling, root planing is performed. This involves smoothing tooth root surfaces to eliminate any remaining bacteria and rough spots. A smooth root surface makes it more difficult for new plaque and tartar to adhere, facilitating gum tissue reattachment to the tooth. An antimicrobial rinse or antibiotic medication may be applied or prescribed to further reduce bacteria and promote healing.
After the Deep Cleaning
After a deep cleaning, patients may experience sensations as anesthesia wears off. Patients may notice soreness, tenderness, or mild bleeding in the gums for a few days. Increased tooth sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures is also common, lasting several weeks. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage any discomfort.
Proper aftercare is important for healing and preventing future issues. Dentists advise waiting until numbness subsides before eating to avoid accidentally biting the cheek or tongue. For the first few days, a diet of soft foods is recommended, and avoiding hot beverages or sticky, crunchy foods can help protect healing gums. Regular oral hygiene, including gentle brushing with a soft toothbrush and flossing, should be resumed, along with warm salt water rinses to aid healing and reduce inflammation. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to assess gum healing and plan ongoing maintenance.