A deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing, is a specialized dental procedure. It addresses bacterial accumulation and deposits beneath the gumline, making it more extensive than a routine cleaning. This treatment targets areas standard cleanings do not reach, managing gum conditions and promoting a healthier oral environment.
Why a Deep Cleaning is Necessary
Gum disease often begins with gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums caused by plaque accumulation along the gumline. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. Periodontitis involves the formation of periodontal pockets, which are spaces that develop between the teeth and gums. These pockets become breeding grounds for bacteria, leading to further plaque and tartar buildup below the gumline.
The presence of bacteria and their byproducts within these pockets triggers a chronic inflammatory response in the body. This inflammation can lead to the destruction of the bone and tissues that support the teeth. As the disease advances, gums may recede, and the supporting bone can erode, potentially leading to tooth mobility or loss. A deep cleaning becomes necessary to remove these harmful deposits and halt the progression of periodontitis, aiming to reduce inflammation and promote gum reattachment.
The Deep Cleaning Procedure
A deep cleaning typically begins with local anesthetic to numb the gum tissue, ensuring patient comfort while the dental professional works below the gumline. The procedure is divided into two main components: scaling and root planing.
Scaling involves removing plaque and tartar deposits from tooth surfaces, both above and below the gumline. Specialized instruments, such as ultrasonic devices and manual scalers, dislodge these hardened bacterial accumulations. Root planing follows scaling, meticulously smoothing the rough surfaces of the tooth roots.
Smoothing the root surfaces helps eliminate areas where bacteria can adhere, encouraging gum tissue reattachment and reducing pocket depth. Depending on the disease’s extent and patient comfort, a deep cleaning might be completed in one or several appointments, often focusing on one section of the mouth at a time.
After the Deep Cleaning
After a deep cleaning, patients may experience common sensations as their gums heal. It is normal to feel gum tenderness or soreness for a few days. Mild sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures is also common, as exposed root surfaces were previously covered by tartar. Slight gum bleeding might also occur during the initial days.
To manage discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers can be effective. Maintaining good oral hygiene is important during recovery; gentle brushing and flossing are recommended to avoid irritating sensitive gums. A soft diet for the first few days can help prevent discomfort while chewing. Dental professionals often recommend follow-up appointments to monitor gum health and ensure proper healing.
Deep Cleaning Versus Regular Cleaning
A deep cleaning differs from a regular dental cleaning in its purpose and scope. A regular cleaning, often performed during routine check-ups, is a preventative measure for individuals with healthy gums. This procedure focuses on removing plaque and soft tartar from above the gumline and polishing tooth surfaces to prevent decay.
In contrast, a deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) is a therapeutic intervention designed to treat gum disease. Its scope extends below the gumline to address bacterial infections and hard deposits within periodontal pockets. Regular cleanings do not typically involve local anesthesia, while deep cleanings often do for comfort during extensive subgingival work. Techniques also differ; deep cleaning involves specialized instruments to smooth root surfaces, which is not part of a standard cleaning.