A CT urogram is a specialized medical imaging procedure that provides detailed views of the urinary tract. This diagnostic test employs X-rays and sophisticated computer processing to generate cross-sectional images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. The procedure involves the use of a contrast dye, which is injected into a vein and helps highlight the urinary system on the images.
Reasons for a CT Urogram
Doctors commonly recommend a CT urogram to investigate various conditions affecting the urinary system. One frequent reason is hematuria, or blood in the urine. The scan is also routinely used to identify and evaluate kidney or ureteral stones, which are hardened mineral deposits that can cause pain and blockages. Furthermore, a CT urogram is a valuable tool for screening and evaluating potential cancers of the urinary tract, including those affecting the bladder, kidneys, or ureters. The procedure also aids in investigating blockages or other structural abnormalities that might hinder the normal flow of urine.
Preparation for the Procedure
Preparing for a CT urogram involves several steps. Patients are generally advised to avoid eating for a few hours before the scan. Specific instructions regarding fluid intake may vary, but patients are often asked to drink water before the exam to help distend the bladder. It is usually permissible to take regular medications with clear liquids, unless otherwise specified by the healthcare provider.
Patients must inform their medical team about any allergies, particularly to iodine or contrast dye, as this may require pre-medication or an alternative imaging approach. Disclosing pregnancy status or any existing kidney problems is also important, as kidney function tests, like a serum creatinine blood test, may be required beforehand to assess the kidneys’ ability to process the contrast material. Removing jewelry, eyeglasses, and any other metal objects is also necessary before the scan, as metal can interfere with the X-ray images.
What to Expect During the Scan
Upon arrival for a CT urogram, you will likely be asked to change into a hospital gown and remove any metallic items. A healthcare professional will then insert a small intravenous (IV) line into a vein, typically in your hand or arm. This IV line is used to inject the contrast dye during the procedure.
When the contrast dye is injected, it is common to experience a warm, flushed sensation throughout your body, which usually lasts for a minute or two. Some individuals may also notice a metallic taste in their mouth or a brief sensation of needing to urinate, although this is just a side effect of the dye and not actual urination.
You will lie on a movable table, often on your back, which slides into the large, doughnut-shaped CT scanner. The technologist will be in an adjacent control room, able to communicate with you through an intercom and observe you through a window. You will be asked to hold your breath for short periods, typically 10 to 20 seconds for each scan, to ensure the images are clear and not blurred by movement. The scan itself is generally painless and quick, though the entire process, including preparation, can take up to 90 minutes. Images are often taken both before and after the contrast dye injection to provide comprehensive diagnostic information.
Post-Procedure and Results
After the CT urogram is complete, the IV line will be removed. If contrast dye was administered, you may be asked to remain in the department for about 15 to 30 minutes to ensure you feel well and do not experience any delayed reactions. Drinking plenty of fluids after the scan is advised to help flush the contrast material out of your body. Mild side effects from the contrast dye are uncommon but can include a rash or itching.
If you experience any concerning symptoms, such as hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing, you should contact your doctor immediately. A radiologist, a physician specializing in interpreting medical images, will review the collected scans and prepare a report. This report is then sent to your referring doctor, who will discuss the findings with you at a follow-up appointment, typically within a few business days.