A coaptation splint provides temporary external support and immobilization for an injured limb. Its primary function is to stabilize a fracture, keeping bone fragments in proper alignment. This splint is often applied shortly after an injury to manage acute swelling and pain. It creates a supportive environment for initial healing before definitive treatment. Coaptation splints are a common non-surgical approach for certain bone injuries.
The Basics of Coaptation Splints
A coaptation splint, sometimes referred to as a “sugar tong splint” due to its shape, provides circumferential compression and stability to an injured limb. It involves a U-shaped application of rigid material that wraps around the affected area, extending along both sides of the limb. This design prevents rotational movement and maintains alignment of bone fragments. The splint stabilizes the fracture and supports the limb, while also accommodating swelling in the immediate post-injury period.
The materials for coaptation splints commonly include plaster of Paris or fiberglass. Plaster is a stiffening agent for immobilization. Fiberglass offers a lighter alternative. Both materials are applied over protective stockinette and generous padding, particularly over bony prominences, to prevent discomfort and pressure sores. The splint’s rigidity reduces movement at the injury site, facilitating healing.
Common Uses and Application Methods
Coaptation splints are frequently used for immobilizing humeral shaft fractures, which are breaks in the upper arm bone. This splint is an effective initial treatment for these fractures in both adults and children. Non-operative management, often beginning with a coaptation splint, is the preferred treatment for many humeral shaft fractures. The splint’s design helps control deforming forces on a midshaft humerus fracture.
The application of a coaptation splint involves specific principles for effective stabilization. The splint material is measured from the axilla (armpit), around the elbow, and up to the acromioclavicular joint (shoulder). After measuring, layers of plaster or fiberglass are prepared and moistened. Proper padding, including extra layers in the axilla, is applied before the splint material, which is then molded to the limb, maintaining a valgus (outward) pressure at the fracture site to counteract common deformities. A sling, often a collar and cuff, supports the forearm and allows gravity to assist in fracture reduction.
Living with a Coaptation Splint
Living with a coaptation splint requires specific care for proper healing and to prevent complications. Keep the splint dry, as moisture can weaken plaster and irritate the skin. Avoiding pressure on the splint and protecting it from damage are also important. Do not attempt to remove or adjust the splint yourself, as this could disrupt the healing process.
Patients should be vigilant for signs or symptoms that may indicate a problem requiring medical attention. These include increased pain, a feeling that the splint is too tight, numbness, tingling, burning, or stinging in the hand or fingers. Excessive swelling below the splint can also be a concerning sign. Any changes in sensation, color, or temperature of the fingers should be reported to a healthcare provider promptly.
The duration a coaptation splint is worn varies depending on the injury and individual healing. For humeral shaft fractures, patients may wear a coaptation splint for a period, often around 9 days, before transitioning to a functional brace as swelling subsides. After the splint is removed, a follow-up with a healthcare professional is necessary, and physical therapy is often recommended to regain strength and range of motion in the arm.