A child’s hand x-ray is a medical imaging test that produces detailed pictures of the hand’s internal structures. This diagnostic tool uses a controlled amount of ionizing radiation to create black-and-white images. Because calcium in bones absorbs more radiation, bones appear white, while softer tissues like muscle and fat appear in shades of gray. The procedure is a fast and painless method for diagnosing and monitoring various conditions affecting a child’s hand.
Primary Uses in Pediatrics
The most frequent reason for a hand x-ray is to assess for injury after a fall or accident. This imaging allows a clear view of the bones to identify fractures. It is also effective in diagnosing dislocations, where a bone is displaced from its normal position in a joint. An x-ray can also help locate foreign objects, such as a metal splinter embedded in the soft tissue.
A hand and wrist x-ray is also the standard method for a “bone age” study, which evaluates children with growth or puberty timing issues. A radiologist compares the child’s x-ray to a standardized atlas of bone development to determine skeletal maturity. This comparison helps a pediatric endocrinologist determine if a child’s biological maturation is delayed or advanced for their age.
The structures examined in a bone age study are the growth plates, which are areas of developing cartilage near the ends of long bones. These plates appear as gaps between the shafts of the long bones and their rounded ends. The size and shape of the bones and the degree to which these growth plates have closed provide a measure of skeletal development. This information helps predict adult height and diagnose conditions that affect physical growth.
The X-Ray Procedure and Preparation
A radiologic technologist will lead the child and parent into the procedure room. The room’s main feature is the x-ray machine, which may look like a large camera arm suspended over a flat table. The technologist’s role is to position the child correctly and ensure their safety and comfort during the brief process.
The child will be seated and asked to place their hand flat on the image receptor plate. The technologist may adjust the hand to get the clearest picture, sometimes taking images from multiple angles. The child must hold still for the few seconds it takes to capture each image to avoid a blurry result.
Parents are usually able to stay in the room with their child after putting on a protective lead apron. To prepare a young child, it helps to explain that the machine is like a special camera taking a picture of their bones and will not hurt. A calm demeanor can help ease any anxiety the child may feel.
Understanding Radiation Safety
A common concern for parents is radiation exposure. The amount used in a pediatric hand x-ray is small, comparable to the natural background radiation a person receives over a few days. This low level of exposure is considered safe when the procedure is medically justified.
Medical imaging professionals follow the ALARA safety principle, or “As Low As Reasonably Achievable.” This means technologists use the minimum radiation necessary to obtain a quality diagnostic image. Equipment is also calibrated for safety and adjusted for a child’s smaller size.
While children are more sensitive to radiation than adults, the diagnostic benefits of a medically required x-ray outweigh the minimal associated risks. The information gained allows for an accurate diagnosis, ensuring the child receives appropriate and timely care.