A chemotherapy mask is a protective face covering used in cancer treatment. These masks serve as a barrier, maintaining safety for both patients undergoing therapy and healthcare professionals who administer these powerful medications. They are crucial for infection control and the safe handling of hazardous substances, reducing risks associated with chemotherapy.
Types of Masks in Chemotherapy Settings
Different masks are used in chemotherapy settings, each with distinct filtration capabilities. Surgical masks, also known as medical masks, are loose-fitting, disposable devices that create a physical barrier against droplets, splashes, and sprays. They are often pleated and secured with ear loops or ties, primarily preventing the wearer from expelling respiratory droplets.
N95 respirators, in contrast, achieve a close facial fit and filter at least 95% of airborne particles, including small aerosols. These masks are characterized by their rigid, cup-shaped design or multi-layered pouch style, and require a fit test for a proper seal. While surgical masks offer general droplet control, N95s provide higher respiratory protection against airborne pathogens and hazardous aerosols.
Masks for Patient Protection
Patients undergoing chemotherapy wear masks due to their compromised immune systems. Chemotherapy drugs can significantly lower a patient’s white blood cell count, a condition known as myelosuppression. This makes them highly susceptible to infections from common airborne pathogens, as even minor exposures can lead to serious health complications that may disrupt their treatment schedule.
Wearing a mask reduces the inhalation of airborne bacteria and viruses in healthcare settings and public spaces. This protective measure safeguards patients from respiratory illnesses like influenza, RSV, and COVID-19, which pose severe risks to their already weakened immune defenses.
Masks for Healthcare Professional Safety
Healthcare professionals wear masks as part of their personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling or administering chemotherapy drugs. These drugs are classified as hazardous due to their potential to cause adverse health effects upon exposure, including chromosomal damage, reproductive issues, and certain cancers. Exposure can occur through inhalation of aerosols, absorption through mucous membranes, or direct skin contact.
To mitigate these risks, healthcare workers use fit-tested N95 respirators or higher-rated respirators designed to protect against airborne particles, splashes, droplets, and sprays. These masks are part of a comprehensive PPE ensemble that also includes impervious gowns, double-gloving with chemotherapy-rated gloves, and eye/face protection. Adherence to guidelines, such as those from the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter 800, ensures staff are protected throughout the drug handling process, from preparation to administration and waste disposal.
Practical Aspects of Mask Use
Proper use and disposal of masks are important for maintaining their effectiveness and preventing contamination. Before handling a mask, clean hands thoroughly with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. When donning a mask, ensure the colored side faces outwards and the stiff bendable strip is positioned over the nose. The mask should cover the nose, mouth, and chin, with no gaps between the face and the mask. Pinch the metal strip to mold it to the shape of the nose.
While wearing the mask, avoid touching the front surface, as it may be contaminated. If adjustments are necessary, use the ear loops or ties. For removal, grasp the mask only by the ear loops or ties, avoiding contact with the front, and lift it away from the face. Disposable masks should be discarded immediately into a closed bin after single use. Perform hand hygiene again immediately after mask removal.