Cancer infusion involves delivering medication directly into a patient’s bloodstream. It is a common approach in oncology, allowing for precise control over drug dosage and consistent delivery.
Types of Cancer Infusions
Cancer treatments delivered via infusion encompass several distinct categories, each designed to combat cancer through different mechanisms. Chemotherapy, a widely used type, involves drugs that target rapidly dividing cells, a characteristic feature of cancer cells. These cytotoxic agents interfere with cell growth and division, leading to the destruction of cancerous tissue. However, they can also affect healthy rapidly dividing cells, contributing to side effects.
Targeted therapies work by identifying and attacking molecular pathways or proteins unique to cancer cells. These drugs block signals cancer cells need to grow, divide, or spread, often leading to fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy. Immunotherapy infusions harness the body’s immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. These agents remove blocks that prevent the immune system from attacking cancer or enhance its anti-tumor response.
Supportive care infusions do not directly fight cancer cells. These infusions include anti-nausea medications, hydration fluids, or blood products, which help manage symptoms and side effects from cancer or its treatment. The choice of infusion type depends on the specific cancer, its characteristics, and the patient’s overall health.
How Cancer Infusions Are Administered
Cancer infusions are administered through various access points, depending on the medication type, treatment duration, and patient factors. A common method involves a peripheral intravenous (IV) line, typically placed in a vein in the arm or hand. This approach is suitable for shorter infusions or medications not irritating to the vein. A small, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into the vein using a needle, which is then removed, leaving the catheter in place for the infusion.
For longer treatments, frequent infusions, or medications that can irritate peripheral veins, a central venous catheter (CVC) may be used. CVCs are larger catheters inserted into a major vein, often in the chest or arm, with the tip resting in a large vein near the heart. Types of CVCs include peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC lines), tunneled catheters, and implanted ports (port-a-caths). These devices offer a more durable and reliable access point, reducing repeated needle sticks and patient discomfort over time.
What to Expect During and After an Infusion
Before an infusion, patients typically undergo preparations. This often includes blood tests to check blood counts and organ function. Vital signs, such as blood pressure and temperature, are also measured. Pre-medications like anti-nausea drugs or antihistamines might be given to prevent reactions or manage potential side effects. These steps help create a stable environment for the infusion process.
Infusions usually take place in specialized oncology clinics, infusion centers, or hospital outpatient settings. The duration of an infusion can vary, ranging from a few minutes for supportive medications to several hours for complex chemotherapy or immunotherapy regimens. During the infusion, healthcare professionals closely monitor the patient for any immediate reactions or discomfort. Monitoring includes regular checks of vital signs and observation for symptoms such as allergic reactions or pain at the infusion site.
After the infusion is complete, the IV line or central line access is typically flushed and secured. Patients receive specific instructions regarding post-infusion care, including guidance on hydration, activity levels, and symptoms to watch for. They are advised to report any unusual or worsening symptoms to their healthcare team promptly.