A bunion on the outside of the foot is a common foot condition. This deformity affects the area near the pinky toe, causing a noticeable bump. It can lead to discomfort and make wearing certain shoes challenging.
Understanding a Bunionette
A bunion on the outside of the foot is medically known as a bunionette, or sometimes a tailor’s bunion. This condition involves a bony prominence that forms at the base of the little toe, where the fifth metatarsal bone connects to the toe. The term “tailor’s bunion” originated centuries ago because tailors often sat cross-legged, putting pressure on the outside edges of their feet, which could lead to the development of this bump.
A bunionette differs from a typical bunion primarily in its location. While a bunion (hallux valgus) forms on the inside of the foot at the base of the big toe, a bunionette develops on the opposite side, near the pinky toe. Both conditions involve a misalignment of a toe joint resulting in a painful bump. Despite the “ette” suffix, bunionettes can cause discomfort and mobility limitations. The bony lump can also make the foot wider, leading to difficulties in finding comfortable footwear.
Factors Contributing to Development
Several factors contribute to the formation of a bunionette. Ill-fitting footwear, particularly shoes with narrow toe boxes or pointed designs, can place excessive pressure on the pinky toe joint, pushing it out of natural alignment. This constant compression and friction can exacerbate the deformity over time. High heels can also contribute by shifting weight forward and increasing pressure on the forefoot.
Inherited foot structure also plays an important role in bunionette development. Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition due to the shape of their foot bones or abnormal foot mechanics. Certain occupations or activities that involve prolonged standing or repetitive pressure on the outside of the foot can also contribute to the condition’s progression. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis may also increase the risk.
Identifying the Signs
Recognizing a bunionette involves observing changes in the foot and specific symptoms. The most obvious sign is a visible bony bump or prominence on the outside edge of the foot, at the base of the pinky toe. This bump may be accompanied by localized pain, especially when wearing shoes that rub against the affected area or during physical activity. The pain can sometimes extend to the pinky toe itself or the outer side of the foot.
Other common indicators include redness and swelling around the bony protrusion, which can result from irritation and inflammation caused by shoe pressure. Tenderness to the touch is also common. Over time, friction from footwear may lead to the development of calluses or corns on the skin overlying the bunionette. The pinky toe itself might also deviate inward, pointing towards the fourth toe, as the deformity progresses.
Managing and Treating the Condition
Managing a bunionette often begins with conservative, non-surgical approaches aimed at reducing symptoms and preventing further progression. A primary recommendation involves wearing wider shoes with a spacious toe box to alleviate pressure on the affected area. Avoiding narrow or pointed footwear is also advised to prevent irritation and discomfort. Using protective padding can help reduce friction and provide support to the joint.
Applying ice to the inflamed area can help decrease pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers may also be used to manage discomfort and inflammation. Custom orthotics can provide arch support and proper foot alignment, which helps relieve pressure on the bunionette and slow its progression. In some cases, physical therapy might be recommended to improve foot mechanics and flexibility.
When conservative treatments do not sufficiently alleviate symptoms or when the deformity significantly impacts daily life, surgical options may be considered. The goal of surgery is to remove the bony prominence and, if necessary, realign the fifth metatarsal bone. Procedures vary, but may involve shaving off the bony growth or performing an osteotomy, which cuts and repositions the bone to correct its alignment. Surgery is usually an outpatient procedure, with recovery involving a period of healing and rehabilitation.
Steps for Prevention
Taking proactive steps can help prevent bunionettes from forming or worsening. Choosing appropriate footwear is a straightforward and impactful measure. Opt for shoes that have a wide toe box, allowing ample space for your toes to move freely without compression. Avoiding shoes with pointed toes or high heels can significantly reduce pressure on the pinky toe joint.
Regularly inspecting your feet for any signs of irritation or developing bumps can allow for early intervention. Using protective padding or silicone toe spacers can help cushion the area and prevent friction. Simple foot stretches can help maintain flexibility and strength in the foot muscles, promoting better foot mechanics. Addressing foot pain or discomfort promptly can also prevent a bunionette from becoming more severe.