A bone spur in your mouth is a benign bony growth. Also known as oral exostoses or tori, these growths are common and typically pose no serious health risk. They are usually harmless variations of oral anatomy.
What Are Oral Bone Spurs?
Oral bone spurs are non-cancerous bony growths that develop on the surface of jawbones. They are hard, smooth, and slow-growing nodules, consisting of mature bone tissue. These growths can appear as dense cortical bone when small, or more cancellous (spongy) bone when larger.
Unlike infectious or inflammatory conditions, bone spurs represent an overgrowth of normal bone. They vary in size and shape, from small, rounded bumps to larger, lobulated masses.
Why Do They Form and Where Are They Found?
The precise reasons for oral bone spur development are not fully understood, but several factors contribute. Genetic predisposition plays a role, as these growths often run in families. Stress on the jawbone, such as from teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism), is also a factor, as the body may produce extra bone in response.
Bone spurs can also develop following trauma or injury, including dental procedures like tooth extractions, where healing can lead to localized bone overgrowth. Age-related changes in bone structure and density may also contribute. These growths are commonly found in specific areas.
A common type is the torus palatinus, which forms in the midline of the hard palate. Another frequent location is the inner side of the lower jaw, near the tongue, known as torus mandibularis, often appearing bilaterally. Less common are buccal exostoses, bony protrusions on the outer surface of the gums, near the cheek side of the upper or lower jaw.
When Do They Cause Problems and What to Do?
Many oral bone spurs are asymptomatic, often discovered incidentally during routine dental examinations. However, these growths can become problematic if they interfere with oral functions. For example, large spurs can hinder the proper fit of dental appliances like dentures, making them uncomfortable or unstable.
They might also cause difficulties with speech or eating, especially if located in areas interacting with the tongue or cheeks. The thin tissue covering the bone spur can be susceptible to irritation or ulceration from friction, such as from sharp foods or accidental biting. If a bone spur grows rapidly, causes pain, or interferes with daily functions, seeking professional dental advice is recommended. A dentist can assess the growth and determine if intervention is necessary.
Addressing Oral Bone Spurs
Diagnosis of oral bone spurs typically begins with a visual examination by a dental professional. Dentists usually identify these growths by their characteristic appearance and location. In some instances, radiographic imaging, such as X-rays, may be used to evaluate the size and extent of the spur and rule out other conditions.
Often, if a bone spur causes no symptoms or functional issues, no treatment is necessary. However, if it interferes with denture placement, causes persistent irritation, affects speech or eating, or is a cosmetic concern, surgical removal is an option. This minor procedure is performed under local anesthesia. The soft tissue covering the growth is lifted, excess bone is carefully trimmed, and the tissue is sutured back into place. Recovery is generally favorable. Non-surgical management, such as adjusting dental appliances, may also be considered.