Encountering a snake with white stripes on a black body often sparks curiosity. Accurate identification is important for appreciating local wildlife and ensuring safety. Understanding common snake species also helps to understand their role in various ecosystems.
Identifying Snakes with White Stripes
Snakes displaying a black body with white or light-colored stripes are often species of garter snakes, belonging to the genus Thamnophis. The Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) commonly exhibits a dark green to black body with three yellow or white longitudinal stripes: one running down the back and two on the sides, typically on the second and third scale rows. Some individuals may also show a checkered pattern of lighter squares between these stripes. The Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) also frequently displays yellow, light orange, or white stripes on a dark background.
Ribbon snakes (Thamnophis sauritus), close relatives of garter snakes, also have black bodies with three yellow stripes. One stripe runs down the back, and one is on each side, though their lateral stripes are positioned higher, on the third and fourth scale rows. They often appear more slender with a proportionately longer tail than garter snakes.
While less common, some kingsnakes, such as the Common Kingsnake, can also have black bodies with strong white stripes, although their patterns are often banded rather than longitudinal.
Key Characteristics Beyond Color
Beyond their distinctive coloration, other physical attributes help differentiate these snakes. Garter snakes are medium-sized, typically ranging from 18 to 55 inches (46 to 140 cm) in length, with females generally growing larger than males. Ribbon snakes are usually more slender and slightly smaller, typically measuring between 18 and 33 inches (46 and 85 cm).
Both garter and ribbon snakes possess keeled scales, meaning each scale has a raised ridge down its center.
The head shape also provides identification cues; garter snakes typically have a head that is slightly wider than their neck. In contrast, ribbon snakes have a head that is only subtly distinct from their neck, along with a noticeable white crescent mark in front of their eyes.
Garter snakes produce a mild neurotoxic venom, though it is not delivered effectively to humans due to their lack of specialized fangs. Their bites are generally harmless, often causing only minor irritation or mild swelling similar to a bee sting. Ribbon snakes are also non-venomous.
Habitat and Diet of Striped Snakes
These striped snakes inhabit a broad range of environments across North and Central America. Adaptable, they are found in diverse settings, including meadows, forests, grasslands, and suburban areas like gardens, parks, and cemeteries. They often gravitate towards moist, grassy areas and are frequently located near water sources such as ponds, lakes, streams, or drainage ditches. For shelter and basking, they utilize natural cover like logs, rocks, and dense vegetation.
These snakes are carnivorous and opportunistic feeders, consuming a varied diet. Their common prey includes earthworms, slugs, amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders), small fish, and insects. Occasionally, they may also prey on small rodents or birds. Ribbon snakes, in particular, favor frogs, toads, salamanders, and fish.
Encountering a Striped Snake
When encountering a striped snake, remember these reptiles are typically not aggressive and prefer to avoid human interaction. Observe the snake from a safe distance, ideally at least six feet away, and allow it to move away naturally. Do not attempt to handle or provoke the snake.
If threatened or restrained, these snakes may bite, though their bites are generally harmless to humans. They might also release a foul-smelling musk as a defense mechanism. If a snake is found in an undesirable location, such as inside a home, or appears injured, contact local animal control or wildlife services. Do not attempt to trap or remove the snake without proper experience.