A biopatch is a medicated dressing used to prevent infections. It typically consists of a foam disc placed on the skin around the site where a medical device enters the body. The patch works by releasing an antiseptic agent to create a protective zone against microorganisms.
Preventing Infections
The primary use of a biopatch is to prevent healthcare-associated infections, particularly catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). These infections pose significant risks, leading to serious complications and increased healthcare costs. CRBSIs occur when bacteria enter the bloodstream through the insertion site of medical devices like catheters.
Biopatches play an important role in infection control by continuously acting against these microorganisms. Studies indicate that biopatches can significantly reduce the incidence of CRBSIs, with some evidence showing reductions of up to 60% in central venous and arterial catheters. This protective measure is particularly important for patients with long-term central venous catheters or compromised immune systems.
The Science Behind Its Action
A biopatch contains chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), a well-known antiseptic agent with broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The foam slowly releases CHG over a period, often up to seven days, creating a continuous antimicrobial environment around the insertion site. The CHG works by inhibiting bacterial growth and killing a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria before they can enter the bloodstream. The foam also absorbs fluid, which helps keep the insertion site clean and dry, further contributing to infection prevention.
Where and How It’s Applied
Biopatches are commonly used with various percutaneous medical devices that penetrate the skin, including central venous catheters, arterial lines, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), dialysis catheters, and epidural catheters.
Application involves placing the biopatch directly around the catheter at the skin insertion site. It is important that the white, CHG-impregnated foam side of the biopatch faces down, in direct contact with the patient’s skin, while the printed side faces upward. Healthcare professionals ensure the biopatch has complete 360-degree contact with the skin around the catheter for optimal effectiveness. The catheter should be secured far enough from the insertion point, typically about 1 to 1.25 inches (2.5 to 3.2 cm), to allow proper placement of the biopatch.
Important Considerations for Use
Before applying a biopatch, the skin at the insertion site must be thoroughly cleansed and completely dry. This ensures proper adhesion and maximizes the biopatch’s efficacy.
While generally safe, some patients may experience localized skin reactions such as irritation, redness, or rash. Serious allergic reactions to chlorhexidine gluconate are rare but possible.
Biopatches are not recommended for premature infants or children under 16, as their safety and effectiveness are not fully established, and hypersensitivity reactions and skin necrosis have been reported in premature infants. They should not be placed over infected wounds or burns.