A bilateral screening mammogram is a specialized X-ray imaging procedure for the early detection of breast changes. This preventative health measure identifies potential issues before physical symptoms appear. Its primary purpose is to screen for breast abnormalities, supporting timely intervention.
What “Bilateral” and “Screening” Mean
The term “bilateral” indicates the procedure involves examining both breasts. This comprehensive approach ensures the entire breast tissue on both sides is evaluated for concerns. Assessing both breasts provides a complete picture for comparative analysis and thorough detection.
“Screening” signifies this mammogram is performed on individuals without breast symptoms. It is a routine examination to detect abnormalities at their earliest stages, often before they can be felt during a physical exam. Early detection through screening is widely recognized for improving outcomes, as it aims to identify issues when they are most treatable.
What Happens During the Exam
During a bilateral screening mammogram, the patient typically stands in front of a specialized X-ray machine. A technologist positions one breast at a time on a flat platform. A clear plastic plate, called a compression paddle, then gently lowers to compress the breast tissue. This compression helps to spread out the breast tissue, reducing its thickness and allowing for clearer images with less radiation exposure. It also helps to minimize motion artifacts, which can blur images.
For a standard screening mammogram, two images are generally taken of each breast: one from top to bottom (craniocaudal view) and one from an angled side view (mediolateral oblique view). This results in a total of four images for both breasts. The compression lasts only a few seconds for each image, and while some pressure is felt, it is generally tolerable. The technologist ensures the breast is correctly positioned to capture the necessary views.
Preparing and Receiving Results
Before a mammogram, avoid applying deodorants, antiperspirants, powders, lotions, creams, or perfumes to the underarm or breast areas. Ingredients in these products can appear as white spots on X-ray images, potentially mimicking abnormalities or obscuring actual concerns. If accidentally applied, many facilities provide wipes for removal.
Patients typically receive results within a few days to two weeks. A radiologist, a medical doctor specializing in interpreting medical images, reviews the images. Results are often sent to the patient’s healthcare provider for discussion. If a follow-up is recommended, it may involve additional imaging (e.g., more mammogram views, ultrasound, MRI) to evaluate areas of concern.
Screening Mammograms Compared to Diagnostic
Screening and diagnostic mammograms serve different purposes, though they use similar technology. A bilateral screening mammogram is a routine examination for individuals without breast symptoms, serving as a preventative measure to detect changes early and establish a baseline. Screening mammograms typically involve a limited set of standard views, usually two images per breast.
In contrast, a diagnostic mammogram is performed when an individual has breast symptoms (e.g., a new lump, pain, nipple discharge) or an abnormality is found on a screening mammogram. Diagnostic mammograms are more detailed, often involving additional views (e.g., magnification, spot compression) to focus on specific concerns. The radiologist is often present to guide real-time imaging, and results may be available on the same day, allowing for immediate, thorough evaluation.