During pregnancy, many individuals seek ways to relax and soothe discomfort, and a hot tub might seem like an appealing option. However, concerns often arise regarding the safety of hot tub use for both the pregnant individual and the developing baby. Understanding specific safety guidelines is important to protect against potential risks associated with elevated temperatures.
The Temperature Guideline
For safety during pregnancy, the water temperature in a hot tub should not exceed 100°F (37.8°C). Some sources suggest an even lower maximum of 95°F (35°C) to be cautious. This temperature limit helps prevent a significant rise in the pregnant individual’s core body temperature, which can occur rapidly in warmer water.
Most experts suggest a maximum soak time of no more than 10 minutes. Prolonged exposure, even to moderately warm water, can still lead to an undesirable elevation of body temperature. Using a reliable thermometer to monitor the water temperature is a practical step to maintain adherence to these guidelines.
Understanding the Risks of Overheating
Exceeding the recommended hot tub temperature poses dangers due to the risk of hyperthermia, which is an abnormally high core body temperature. A pregnant individual’s core body temperature should not rise above 101°F (38.3°C) to 102.2°F (39°C). This elevation can happen in less than 10 minutes in hot tubs set to typical temperatures of 104°F (40°C).
During early pregnancy, particularly before the seventh week when the neural tube is forming, maternal hyperthermia has been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects. These are serious abnormalities of the brain or spinal cord, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, which occur when these structures do not close properly. Overheating can also lead to dehydration and fainting for the pregnant individual, which can impact both their well-being and the baby’s health.
Beyond Temperature: Comprehensive Hot Tub Safety
Beyond managing water temperature, other safety considerations apply when using a hot tub during pregnancy. Taking frequent breaks by sitting on the side of the tub can help the body release heat.
Hot tub hygiene is a concern, as warm, stagnant water can be a breeding ground for bacteria like Legionella or Pseudomonas aeruginosa if not properly maintained. During pregnancy, the immune system is weaker, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
Ensuring the hot tub has proper chemical levels, such as free chlorine between 2 and 4 parts per million (ppm) or bromine between 4 and 6 ppm, and a pH between 7.2 and 7.8, helps maintain water quality. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water before and after a soak is important to prevent dehydration.
If any discomfort, dizziness, or excessive sweating occurs, exiting the hot tub immediately is recommended. Some medical professionals suggest avoiding hot tubs entirely, especially during the first trimester, or if feeling unwell or having pre-existing conditions.