Braces are dental appliances designed to gradually straighten teeth and correct various bite issues. While effective for orthodontic treatment, their presence introduces new complexities for maintaining oral hygiene. Awareness of dental care practices is necessary to prevent potential complications.
How Braces Change Oral Hygiene
The physical components of braces, including brackets, wires, and bands, create new surfaces and tight spaces in the mouth. These structures trap food particles and dental plaque. This makes it challenging for toothbrush bristles to clean all tooth surfaces, especially around the orthodontic hardware.
This altered oral environment allows plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, to rapidly build up. If not removed regularly, plaque can lead to various oral health issues.
The Harmful Effects of Poor Brushing with Braces
Neglecting oral care with braces leads to several negative consequences. Plaque accumulation is a primary issue; if not removed, it hardens into tartar (calculus), requiring professional cleaning.
Plaque buildup increases the risk of gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums. Symptoms include red, swollen gums that may bleed. Brackets and wires can also irritate gum tissue, contributing to inflammation. While reversible, gingivitis can progress if untreated.
Another effect is demineralization, appearing as permanent white spots on the enamel, typically around where brackets were positioned. This occurs when acids from plaque bacteria erode tooth enamel, leading to mineral loss. These white spots become visible after braces are removed, creating an aesthetic concern.
Demineralization can advance to tooth decay, forming cavities if unaddressed. Trapped food particles and bacterial activity contribute to this. Additionally, bacteria and food debris can cause persistent bad breath (halitosis).
Severe gum issues or extensive tooth decay might necessitate pausing or extending orthodontic treatment. Brackets may need temporary removal to treat dental problems. These issues can cause lasting damage to teeth and gums.
Maintaining Healthy Teeth and Gums with Braces
Caring for teeth and gums with braces involves specific techniques and consistent effort. Brush after every meal for two minutes. Angle the toothbrush at 45 degrees to the gum line, brushing around the tops and bottoms of brackets to remove plaque and food debris. An interdental brush cleans hard-to-reach areas around brackets and wires.
Daily flossing is also important. Floss threaders or specialized orthodontic floss help navigate under the archwire and between teeth. A water flosser can dislodge food particles and plaque from tight spaces.
A therapeutic mouthwash, such as one with fluoride or antimicrobial agents, can supplement brushing and flossing. Alcohol-free options are recommended to avoid drying the mouth or irritating gums. Mouthwash rinses away debris and strengthens enamel.
Dietary choices play a role. Avoiding sticky, hard, or overly sugary foods prevents damage to braces and reduces plaque buildup and tooth decay. Limit foods like nuts, popcorn, and chewy candies.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important. Dentists and hygienists use specialized tools to clean around braces, removing accumulated plaque and tartar that at-home care might miss. These visits ensure healthy teeth and gums throughout treatment.