An intrauterine device (IUD) functions as a highly effective form of long-term contraception. This small, T-shaped device is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional to prevent pregnancy. While generally reliable, the IUD can shift from its optimal position within the uterus, a situation referred to as IUD displacement.
Recognizing IUD Displacement
Individuals can check for proper IUD placement by feeling for the strings that extend into the upper part of the vagina. If these strings feel noticeably shorter, longer, or are entirely absent, the IUD may have moved. Sometimes, the firm plastic of the IUD itself may be felt at the cervix or lower in the vagina.
Beyond self-checks, several physical symptoms can signal a displaced IUD. New or worsening pelvic pain, often described as cramping, is a common indicator. Unusual vaginal bleeding or spotting that differs from typical menstrual patterns may also occur. Some individuals report pain during sexual intercourse, which can be experienced by either partner.
Potential Effects of a Displaced IUD
The primary concern with a displaced IUD is a significant reduction in its ability to prevent pregnancy. When not correctly positioned, its contraceptive efficacy is compromised, leading to an increased risk of unintended pregnancy. The protective barrier against conception is diminished or entirely absent.
A displaced IUD can also lead to various medical complications. Persistent cramping or pelvic pain often accompanies a moved IUD. In some cases, the IUD may partially or completely exit the uterus, a process known as expulsion. While rare, the IUD can embed into or pass through the uterine wall, a condition known as perforation.
A displaced IUD can also increase the risk of certain infections, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), if bacteria are introduced. If pregnancy occurs with an IUD in place, there is a higher probability it could be an ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. These medical concerns highlight the need for prompt attention to displacement.
Actions to Take After Suspected Displacement
If you suspect your IUD has shifted from its correct position, it is important to contact a healthcare provider immediately. Attempting to reposition or remove the IUD yourself can cause further complications or injury. A medical professional can accurately assess the situation and determine the appropriate course of action.
Until your IUD’s position is confirmed and addressed by a doctor, it is advisable to use a backup method of contraception. Methods such as condoms can provide temporary protection against pregnancy. This precaution is necessary because the contraceptive effectiveness of a displaced IUD is unreliable.
During your visit, the healthcare provider will likely perform a pelvic examination to check the IUD strings and may use imaging techniques like an ultrasound to confirm the device’s location within the uterus. In some instances, an X-ray might be used to visualize the IUD. If displacement is confirmed, the doctor will typically recommend removing the IUD. Discussions will then follow regarding future contraceptive options, which may include inserting a new IUD if medically appropriate for you.