Kratom, scientifically known as Mitragyna speciosa, is a tropical evergreen tree from Southeast Asia. Its leaves have been traditionally used for centuries, often chewed or brewed into tea for properties like enhancing physical endurance and promoting relaxation. While some use kratom for managing discomfort or increasing energy, consuming excessive amounts can lead to adverse effects. This article details the potential consequences of large kratom consumption.
Immediate Physical and Mental Effects
Consuming too much kratom often results in immediate physical and mental effects. These reactions are typically uncomfortable and serve as indicators of excessive intake. Individuals might experience nausea and vomiting, along with constipation.
Physical symptoms can also include dizziness, excessive sweating, and a rapid heart rate (tachycardia). Tremors, agitation, or irritability may occur. Mental effects such as drowsiness, confusion, or unusual changes in mood and behavior can manifest. Higher doses increase the likelihood and intensity of these signs.
Recognizing Severe Toxicity
Very large amounts of kratom can lead to severe toxicity, signaling a medical emergency. Respiratory depression, characterized by slow and shallow breathing, is a serious concern. Seizures are another severe neurological symptom.
Though less common, severe liver injury can develop, with symptoms like dark urine, itching, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Other signs of toxicity include hallucinations, loss of consciousness, or coma. Fluctuations in blood pressure, such as hypertension, can also be observed. These severe symptoms require immediate medical attention.
Factors Increasing Risk
Several factors increase susceptibility to adverse or toxic effects from kratom. Pre-existing medical conditions, such as liver, kidney, heart, or respiratory problems, heighten the risk. Mental health disorders can also influence response.
Concurrent use of other substances significantly elevates risk. Combining kratom with prescription or over-the-counter medications, alcohol, or illicit substances, especially central nervous system depressants or stimulants, can lead to unpredictable and dangerous interactions. Individual sensitivities, stemming from genetic predispositions or metabolic differences, mean responses to kratom can vary widely. The potency and purity of kratom products are not standardized, with variations in strains, potential adulteration, or contaminants increasing the risk.
Emergency Response and Seeking Help
If someone shows severe adverse effects or signs of kratom toxicity, immediate action is necessary. Call emergency services (e.g., 911 in the United States) immediately. Do not attempt to induce vomiting, as this can worsen the situation.
While waiting for professional help, stay with the person and try to keep them calm if conscious. If trained, provide basic first aid, such as ensuring an open airway if unconscious. When medical professionals arrive, be completely honest about substances consumed to aid proper diagnosis and treatment. For less severe concerns or additional information, contact a poison control center for expert advice and support.