Hydrogen peroxide and vinegar are common household items frequently used for cleaning tasks. While both are effective on their own, mixing them is generally not recommended for household cleaning purposes. This combination leads to a specific chemical reaction that forms a different, potentially hazardous compound.
The Chemical Reaction
When hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and vinegar, which contains acetic acid (CH₃COOH), are mixed, they undergo a chemical reaction. This reaction results in the formation of peracetic acid (CH₃CO₃H) and water. The chemical equation for this process is H₂O₂ + CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃CO₃H + H₂O. Peracetic acid is known as a strong oxidizer and a corrosive compound.
Safety Implications
The peracetic acid formed from mixing hydrogen peroxide and vinegar poses several safety concerns. This compound is highly corrosive and can cause severe irritation and burns upon contact with skin and eyes, potentially leading to eye damage. If inhaled, peracetic acid vapors can irritate the nose, throat, and respiratory system, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation. Higher concentrations or prolonged exposure may even cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema, which is a medical emergency.
Beyond its corrosive nature, peracetic acid is also thermally unstable and can decompose explosively, especially at elevated temperatures. It is a highly reactive chemical that can cause violent reactions when it comes into contact with organic or combustible materials. Due to these dangers, mixing hydrogen peroxide and vinegar under any circumstances is not advised for general household use.
Safe and Effective Alternatives
For those seeking effective cleaning and disinfecting solutions, hydrogen peroxide and vinegar can be used separately. Hydrogen peroxide is recognized for its antimicrobial properties and can be an effective household cleaner, commonly used for disinfecting surfaces. Vinegar, due to its acidic nature, is useful for dissolving mineral deposits, cutting through grease, and eliminating certain bacteria and viruses.
For example, one approach involves spraying a surface with one liquid, allowing it to sit for several minutes, wiping it clean, and then applying the second liquid, followed by another wipe. This method ensures the compounds do not mix directly and allows each to perform its function before being removed. Adopting such practices avoids dangerous chemical combinations while still achieving a clean and hygienic environment.