Contact lenses offer a convenient alternative to eyeglasses, providing clear vision without frames. These small, transparent medical devices rest directly on the eye’s surface, correcting various refractive errors. While they offer freedom and flexibility, proper use is important for eye health. Deviating from recommended wear schedules, especially by leaving them in for extended periods, can compromise the eye’s delicate environment and lead to adverse effects. Understanding these potential consequences is fundamental for any contact lens wearer.
Immediate and Short-Term Consequences
Overwearing contact lenses often leads to discomfort and irritation. Eyes may feel dry and gritty because lenses can absorb the natural tear film, reducing lubrication. This dryness can be exacerbated when the contact lens partially blocks oxygen from reaching the cornea.
The eye might also appear red (hyperemia), as blood vessels in the conjunctiva become more prominent. Blurred or fluctuating vision can occur due to changes in the tear film or the lens becoming misshapen and dry. General discomfort or a foreign body sensation is common, along with increased light sensitivity (photophobia). Mild eye strain can further contribute to ocular fatigue.
Serious Eye Complications
Prolonged overwear can lead to severe, potentially vision-threatening conditions. One is corneal hypoxia, a lack of oxygen to the cornea. When deprived of oxygen, the cornea can swell, leading to blurred vision. Chronic oxygen deprivation can also trigger corneal neovascularization, where new blood vessels grow into the cornea. These vessels can obstruct vision and may cause permanent scarring if left untreated.
Another significant risk is keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea that can result from infection. This condition can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or microscopic organisms like Acanthamoeba. Symptoms of microbial keratitis include worsening pain, discharge, and significant vision reduction. If untreated, these infections can progress to corneal ulcers, which can lead to scarring and permanent vision loss. Additionally, Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC) can develop, causing large bumps on the inner eyelid and making lens wear uncomfortable.
Safe Contact Lens Practices
Preventing contact lens complications relies on proper care routines. Always follow the wearing schedule prescribed by an eye care professional, whether daily, weekly, or monthly replacement. Never sleep in contact lenses unless approved for extended wear, as this significantly increases infection risk.
Before handling lenses, thoroughly wash hands with soap and water and dry them with a lint-free towel. Use only cleaning and disinfecting solutions recommended by an eye care professional, and never substitute with tap water or saliva. Replace lens cases every one to three months to prevent bacterial buildup. Regular eye examinations are important to monitor eye health and ensure the continued suitability of contact lenses.
When to Seek Professional Help
Recognizing when to seek immediate medical attention is important for preserving eye health. If experiencing sudden, severe eye pain, or an abrupt decrease or loss of vision, consult an eye care professional without delay. These symptoms could indicate a serious underlying condition.
Persistent redness or irritation that does not subside after removing contact lenses warrants prompt evaluation. Any unusual discharge, extreme light sensitivity, or a foreign body sensation that does not resolve also warrants a visit to an eye doctor. Early intervention can prevent potential long-term vision damage.