Slime is a flexible polymer substance, typically composed of glue (the polymer) and an “activator” that creates its characteristic stretchy, non-Newtonian fluid texture. While ingestion is usually accidental and involves small amounts, the outcome depends heavily on the specific chemical ingredients and the total quantity consumed. The risk profile shifts dramatically between a mild stomach upset and a medical emergency based on the components used.
Identifying the Riskiest Ingredients in Slime
The foundation of most slime is Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) glue, a synthetic polymer generally considered safe if swallowed in tiny quantities. This material is not digested by the body and is often labeled non-toxic. However, consuming a large piece of PVA can still pose a mechanical risk, potentially leading to gastrointestinal discomfort or, rarely, a mechanical blockage.
The primary chemical concern is the activator, frequently Borax (sodium tetraborate), which cross-links the PVA molecules. Borax is toxic if ingested in sufficient amounts and can be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, affecting systems like the central nervous system and the kidneys. Homemade slimes are especially risky because Borax concentration can be inconsistent and often higher than necessary. The estimated toxic dose for a small child can be as low as 5 to 10 grams of pure Borax.
Beyond the main components, additives like highly pigmented dyes or small plastic beads can introduce secondary hazards, such as chemical irritation or a choking risk.
Immediate Digestive and Physical Effects
When a small amount of slime is ingested, the immediate reaction centers on the gastrointestinal system. The presence of indigestible PVA and irritating Borax can trigger mild nausea or stomach pain. The body may attempt to reject the foreign substance through acute, temporary vomiting. This rejection mechanism is a common response to ingesting non-food items.
Mild diarrhea can also occur as the body attempts to flush the non-digestible polymer and chemical irritants quickly. Borax residue can also cause irritation to the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. These symptoms usually reflect localized irritation and are temporary, indicating the substance is passing through the system.
When Emergency Medical Attention is Necessary
Ingestion of a substantial amount of slime, or any amount causing severe symptoms, requires immediate action. The first step is to contact Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222, even if the person appears well initially. Specialists can accurately assess the risk based on the ingredients and the estimated quantity consumed. Providing the exact brand or the recipe used in a homemade batch is helpful for this assessment.
Certain severe signs, often linked to significant Borax ingestion, warrant an immediate trip to the emergency room. These include persistent or violent vomiting, which can lead to rapid dehydration. Neurological signs, such as increasing lethargy, extreme irritability, or the onset of seizures, indicate systemic toxicity affecting the central nervous system. A severe, widespread red rash is another potential sign of serious chemical exposure requiring urgent medical intervention.