Accidentally ingesting nail polish can be concerning, especially for children attracted to its vibrant colors. While designed for cosmetic use, accidental swallowing does occur. Understanding the potential effects and appropriate responses is important, even if small amounts may lead to minimal toxicity.
Common Ingredients and Their Effects
Nail polish contains chemical components that can cause adverse reactions if consumed. Nitrocellulose, a film-forming agent, can irritate the skin, eyes, and lungs upon exposure. Plasticizers like dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) are added to prevent chipping and improve flexibility. DBP has been associated with hormone disruption, reproductive issues, and potential kidney or liver damage with heavy exposure, while TPHP is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor.
Solvents, which help the polish spread smoothly and dry, include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and toluene. Toluene can affect the nervous system, potentially causing dizziness, headaches, or even loss of consciousness. In high concentrations, it may impact the kidneys and liver. Ethyl acetate and butyl acetate can irritate the digestive tract, eyes, skin, and lungs, and may lead to drowsiness or dizziness.
Immediate Signs and Symptoms
After ingesting nail polish, immediate physical reactions often involve the gastrointestinal system. Individuals may experience nausea, vomiting, and stomach or abdominal pain shortly after exposure. The mouth and throat can also become irritated, leading to discomfort or a burning sensation. These symptoms are often mild with small ingestions and may resolve on their own.
Other signs can emerge, especially with larger amounts or chemical sensitivity. Headaches, dizziness, and drowsiness are possible due to solvents. In severe instances, symptoms might include confusion, lack of coordination, or decreased consciousness. Respiratory difficulties, such as slow or labored breathing, can also occur, especially if fumes were inhaled.
Emergency Response and Medical Attention
If someone ingests nail polish, contact a poison control center immediately for guidance. The national toll-free Poison Help hotline, 1-800-222-1222, connects callers to experts who provide specific instructions. It is generally advised not to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a medical professional or poison control. This is because some chemicals can cause more harm coming back up the esophagus.
When speaking with poison control or medical personnel, provide as much detail as possible. Include the approximate amount ingested, the type or brand if known, and the time of ingestion. Information about the individual’s age, weight, and any observed symptoms is also helpful. If symptoms like choking, difficulty breathing, or persistent discomfort develop, seek immediate medical attention. If an emergency room visit is needed, bringing the nail polish container can assist healthcare providers.
Preventing Accidental Ingestion
To prevent accidental ingestion, especially by children or pets, proper storage is recommended. Keep nail polish bottles in a secure, out-of-reach location. Tightly securing lids after each use prevents leaks and evaporation of volatile components.
Avoid leaving bottles unattended, particularly when in use. Store nail polish in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight and heat, as many formulations are flammable. These measures help maintain product integrity and reduce unintentional exposure.