A subconjunctival hemorrhage, commonly known as a “popped” blood vessel in the eye, can look alarming. This common occurrence results in a bright red spot on the white part of the eye. Despite its dramatic appearance, this condition is generally harmless, does not usually affect vision, and often resolves on its own.
What You See
A subconjunctival hemorrhage manifests as a distinct, bright red area on the sclera, the white part of the eye. This appears like a bruise on the eye’s surface, where a small amount of blood collects just beneath the transparent conjunctiva. This superficial bleeding does not typically cause any pain or discomfort.
Individuals generally do not report changes in their vision, such as blurriness or double vision. There is also no discharge from the eye or sensation of irritation. The lack of associated symptoms is a key characteristic of this usually benign condition. The blood spot might initially be a vibrant red and then gradually fade to an orange or yellow hue as it begins to clear.
Why It Happens
A subconjunctival hemorrhage occurs when a tiny, fragile blood vessel beneath the conjunctiva ruptures. This is often triggered by a sudden, temporary increase in pressure within the head or chest. Common actions include vigorous coughing, forceful sneezing, straining during a bowel movement, or lifting heavy objects. Vomiting, strong crying, or even rubbing the eyes too vigorously can also cause a vessel to rupture.
Certain factors can contribute to their occurrence. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications, such as aspirin or warfarin, may be more prone to these hemorrhages due to reduced blood clotting. Less commonly, underlying medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, can make a person more susceptible to subconjunctival hemorrhages. The blood gradually reabsorbs into the body over one to two weeks, similar to how a bruise fades.
When to See a Doctor
While a subconjunctival hemorrhage is usually harmless, medical attention is advisable in specific situations. Consult a doctor if the red spot is accompanied by eye pain or a noticeable change in vision, such as blurriness, double vision, or loss of sight. Any discharge from the eye also warrants evaluation.
Seek medical advice if the hemorrhage occurred after direct trauma to the eye or head, such as a blow or accident. If these hemorrhages recur frequently without an apparent cause, or if they are accompanied by bruising around the eye, it could indicate an underlying issue that needs investigation. Individuals taking blood-thinning medications or who have a known bleeding disorder should also consult their doctor, even for an isolated hemorrhage.