A Taser is a less-lethal conducted energy weapon designed to temporarily incapacitate an individual. It works by delivering an electrical charge to the body, interrupting its natural electrical signals.
How a Taser Operates
A Taser operates by firing two small, barbed darts that remain connected to the main unit by thin wires. These darts, propelled by compressed gas, attach to clothing or skin, creating a circuit through which an electrical charge is delivered. The device generates a high-voltage, low-current electrical discharge.
This electrical output disrupts the body’s natural electrical signals, particularly those controlling muscle movement. The key mechanism is “neuromuscular incapacitation” (NMI), where electrical pulses override the central nervous system’s control over muscles. This leads to uncontrollable muscle contractions, causing temporary loss of motor control. The Taser delivers pulses over a typical 5-second cycle.
Immediate Physical and Sensory Impact
Upon Taser deployment, the immediate physical response is intense, widespread muscle contraction. This involuntary muscle tension is powerful enough to cause immediate incapacitation and often results in a fall. The electrical current overwhelms the central nervous system, making it impossible to control voluntary movements.
The sensory experience is described as excruciating, overwhelming pain, often likened to a severe muscle cramp. Many also report a burning or stinging sensation where the darts make contact, alongside a loud crackling sound from the device. This incapacitating effect lasts only as long as the electrical current is applied, typically for about 5 seconds.
Body’s Internal Reactions and Aftermath
During Taser exposure, the body undergoes several physiological responses. There is a rapid increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. These changes reflect a surge of adrenaline.
Once the electrical current stops, the immediate incapacitating effects subside quickly. Individuals may experience disorientation, dizziness, and temporary numbness or tingling. Muscle soreness and general fatigue are common due to the intense, involuntary muscle contractions. Most people recover fully within a day or two.
Health Implications
One significant health consideration following Taser deployment involves injuries sustained from falling due to the sudden loss of motor control. These can include head trauma, fractures, or abrasions. Puncture wounds from the darts and superficial burns at the contact sites are also possible.
While generally considered less-lethal, there is a possibility of complications, particularly in individuals with pre-existing medical conditions. Although rare, concerns have been raised regarding potential cardiac issues, such as abnormal heart rhythms, especially if probes land near the heart. Medical evaluation after a Taser deployment is recommended to assess for any injuries or adverse effects.