Super glue, primarily composed of cyanoacrylate, an acrylic resin, bonds materials quickly and strongly. It bonds rapidly as cyanoacrylate monomers react instantly with hydroxyl ions in water, solidifying from a liquid. This allows it to form strong bonds on nearly any moist surface, including the human body.
Immediate Physical Effects
When super glue contacts moist tissues of the mouth, lips, or tongue, it undergoes immediate polymerization, causing them to stick together. A burning or stinging sensation may occur due to the exothermic reaction as it cures. The glue turns into a hard, whitish residue. For children, a concern is the piece posing a choking hazard in the mouth or throat.
How Super Glue Behaves Internally
Once swallowed, super glue is not chemically toxic, especially after polymerization. The primary concern shifts from chemical toxicity to potential mechanical issues. Though some formulations contain other components, cyanoacrylate itself is considered inert once hardened. Medical-grade cyanoacrylates are used in surgical applications for wound closure or to treat varicose veins, demonstrating their biocompatibility.
The hardened glue passes through the digestive system without absorption. In some cases, stomach acids may gradually de-polymerize the glue, or it may simply be expelled from the body. However, a large piece of glue can cause irritation or a blockage in the digestive tract, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. Although rare, such obstructions can result in complications like bowel obstruction or perforation, requiring medical intervention.
Steps to Take After Ingestion
If super glue has been ingested, take immediate action. Do not attempt to induce vomiting, as this could cause further irritation or injury to the throat and mouth. Instead, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and then drink a glass of water or milk to help dilute any remaining liquid glue and potentially loosen adhered pieces. If lips or other skin areas are bonded, apply warm water, vegetable oil, or petroleum jelly to the affected areas to help soften the glue and gently separate them without force.
Seek medical attention if a large quantity of super glue was swallowed, if a child ingested it, or if symptoms such as difficulty breathing, persistent pain, or signs of obstruction develop. Medical professionals may observe the individual, provide supportive care, and, if necessary, perform procedures to remove any glue causing an obstruction. Contacting a poison control center for specific guidance tailored to the situation is always recommended.