Swallowing a piece of dental floss is a common occurrence during oral hygiene. While the image of a synthetic strand traveling through the body can be concerning, the human digestive system is highly capable of handling small, non-food items. A swallowed piece of floss will typically pass through the gastrointestinal tract without causing problems and will be eliminated naturally. Understanding the composition of floss and how the body works can ease any anxiety, as this scenario rarely results in serious complications.
The Composition of Dental Floss
Dental floss is primarily constructed from highly durable synthetic polymers, most commonly nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PTFE is a fluoropolymer often recognized by the brand name Teflon, used for its smooth, low-friction characteristics. Nylon floss is a petroleum-based plastic fiber. Both nylon and PTFE are chemically inert, meaning they do not react with stomach acids or digestive enzymes.
The floss fibers are generally coated with a thin layer of wax, such as microcrystalline wax, beeswax, or paraffin, to prevent shredding and improve handling. Flavorings, like mint, are also added to this coating. These coatings are used in small quantities and are considered non-toxic and safe for accidental ingestion. Since the core material is chemically stable and non-digestible, the body cannot break down the floss, ensuring its safe passage.
The Journey Through the Digestive System
Once dental floss is swallowed, it enters the stomach. The stomach’s powerful hydrochloric acid and enzymes attempt to break down the material, but this process is ineffective because the floss is an inert polymer. Its small, flexible nature is advantageous, allowing it to be easily pushed out of the stomach and into the small intestine.
The movement of the floss through the intestinal tract is managed by peristalsis, the coordinated, wave-like muscular contractions of the gastrointestinal system. This action propels food and non-digestible foreign objects along the entire length of the system. Because the floss is smooth and flexible, it typically does not pose the risk of lodging or tearing that sharp or rigid objects might.
The entire journey from ingestion to elimination usually takes between 12 hours and a few days, though transit time varies based on an individual’s diet and digestive speed. The floss will follow the normal path of waste material, passing through the small intestine, into the large intestine, and then out of the body in the stool. In rare cases, passage may take as long as four to six days.
Signs That Medical Attention is Required
While the passage of swallowed floss is generally uneventful, a bowel obstruction is a rare complication. An obstruction occurs when the passage of material is completely or partially blocked, causing material to back up within the intestine. Blockages are usually caused by larger objects or occur in people with pre-existing conditions, such as internal scar tissue (adhesions) from previous abdominal surgery.
If a blockage occurs, the symptoms require prompt medical consultation. Severe, persistent abdominal pain that does not resolve is a primary warning sign. Other accompanying symptoms include:
- Repeated episodes of vomiting, especially if the vomit is dark or bile-colored.
- An inability to pass gas.
- An inability to have a bowel movement for an extended period.
- Fever in conjunction with abdominal symptoms, which could signal infection or perforation.
Recognizing these clear, actionable warning signs is the safest course of action, although an obstruction from a single piece of floss is highly unlikely given its dimensions.