Accidentally swallowing small objects is common. While concerning, swallowing a small piece of plastic is usually not a cause for alarm. The human body’s digestive system is efficient, and these small, non-sharp items typically pass through without incident. No specific intervention is usually required.
The Journey Through the Digestive System
Once a small, smooth piece of plastic is swallowed, it travels down the esophagus, the tube connecting the throat to the stomach. The stomach’s acidic environment does not break down plastic; plastics are resistant to stomach acid and do not degrade significantly during their brief stay there.
From the stomach, the plastic piece moves into the small intestine. Peristalsis, the body’s muscular contractions, propels the object through the small intestine and then into the large intestine.
Ultimately, the plastic piece will be excreted in the stool, typically within 24 to 72 hours, though it can sometimes take longer. Common types of small plastic that are usually benign include fragments from food packaging, small toy parts, or pen caps.
Signs of Potential Issues
While most swallowed plastic passes without issue, certain signs can indicate a problem. Persistent coughing or gagging might suggest the plastic is irritating the airway or lodged in the throat or esophagus. Difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, or a sensation of something being stuck in the throat or chest can indicate the object is not progressing normally.
Abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting could signal irritation or a partial obstruction in the stomach or intestines. If the plastic piece has sharp edges, it might cause minor cuts or abrasions along the digestive tract, potentially leading to blood in the stool. These symptoms arise if the plastic is larger than typically manageable, has sharp points, or becomes impacted within the digestive tract.
When Medical Attention is Necessary
Clear, specific symptoms warrant professional medical attention. Seek immediate medical care if there is severe or persistent pain in the chest or abdomen. Difficulty breathing, wheezing, or persistent coughing are urgent concerns as they may indicate the object is affecting the airway.
Persistent vomiting, especially if it includes blood or looks like coffee grounds, or the presence of black, tar-like stools or visible blood in the stool, are serious signs that require prompt medical evaluation. If a swallowed object does not appear in the stool within a few days, or if any of the aforementioned symptoms develop or worsen, contacting a healthcare provider or emergency services is advised. If no symptoms occur, medical attention is generally not needed.