Accidentally swallowing a dental prosthetic, such as a crown, partial denture, or bridge, is more common than many realize. While alarming, most items traverse the digestive system without significant issues. Understanding potential outcomes and when medical intervention is necessary is important for appropriate action.
The Journey Through Your Body
When a dental prosthetic is swallowed, it travels through the body’s digestive system like any food item. It moves down the esophagus to the stomach, then through the small and large intestines, eventually being excreted. Most small, smooth objects, including many dental crowns, pass through this pathway without causing harm.
The likelihood of a swallowed prosthetic passing without complication is influenced by its characteristics. Small, smooth objects, like many dental crowns, are more likely to navigate the digestive tract uneventfully. Conversely, larger, irregularly shaped, or sharp objects, such as a broken partial or fractured crown, present a higher risk of lodging or injury. While materials like porcelain, ceramic, or metal are non-toxic and won’t break down, some metal alloys might cause minor digestive irritation.
The transit time for a swallowed object varies significantly. While generally expected to pass within 24 to 72 hours, it can range from 12 hours to several days, depending on individual digestive speed and the object’s characteristics. In rare cases, especially with irregularly shaped items, passage might extend to a week or longer.
Signs of Concern and When to Seek Medical Help
While many swallowed dental prosthetics pass without incident, certain symptoms indicate a potential problem requiring medical attention. Immediately after swallowing, if you experience choking, persistent coughing, difficulty breathing, or a sensation that the object is stuck in your throat or chest, it could mean the prosthetic is lodged in the airway or esophagus. These symptoms require immediate emergency medical evaluation.
If the object has passed into the stomach, other signs may emerge if it causes complications. Persistent chest or abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting indicate irritation or obstruction. Blood in vomit, black or tarry stools, or visible blood in stool are serious signs of internal injury or bleeding, warranting immediate medical care. A fever developing after swallowing the object can also signal an infection or complication.
A lack of bowel movements, severe abdominal bloating, or cramping could signal an intestinal obstruction, which is a medical emergency. If the object feels stuck or symptoms worsen, consult a healthcare professional. Seek medical opinion if you have concerns, especially if the swallowed object was large, sharp, or if any concerning symptoms arise.
What to Expect and Next Steps
If a swallowed dental prosthetic causes no immediate alarming symptoms, monitor for its passage. Observe your bowel movements for the prosthetic’s appearance, which can take a few days, often within 24 to 72 hours. While awaiting passage, a fiber-rich diet and adequate fluid intake can support the natural digestive process. Avoid laxatives or inducing vomiting, as these actions can cause more harm than benefit.
Regardless of whether the prosthetic passes naturally, contact your dentist promptly. Its absence leaves the underlying tooth exposed, which can lead to increased sensitivity, discomfort, and vulnerability to damage or decay. Your dentist can assess the situation, address any issues with the remaining tooth structure, and plan for a replacement to restore your oral health and function. This proactive step ensures your dental health is maintained.