An intravenous line, or IV, is a medical device healthcare professionals use to deliver fluids, medications, nutrients, or blood products directly into a patient’s bloodstream. This flexible tube, or catheter, is typically inserted into a peripheral vein, often in the arm or hand. IVs are a routine part of medical care, allowing for rapid and effective treatment by bypassing the digestive system and quickly distributing substances throughout the body. While generally safe and common, dislodging an IV can lead to various consequences.
Immediate Physical Consequences
When an IV is dislodged, the most immediate effect is bleeding from the insertion site. The amount of bleeding varies depending on factors like the patient’s clotting ability or if they are on blood thinners. Individuals typically experience pain at the insertion site, accompanied by localized bruising and swelling.
The catheter may either come out completely or remain partially in the vein or surrounding tissue. If fluid infuses outside the vein, it is called infiltration, leading to swelling, coolness, and dampness around the site. The skin might also show signs of redness or discoloration. Severity varies depending on how forcefully the IV was dislodged.
Potential Health Risks
Beyond immediate physical effects, dislodging an IV can introduce serious health risks. A significant concern is infection, either localized at the insertion site or spreading systemically. This can occur if bacteria enter the open wound or if aseptic techniques are compromised during the dislodgement. Signs of local infection include increased pain, swelling, warmth, redness, or pus draining from the site.
Another complication is a hematoma, a collection of blood outside the blood vessels (a bruise). Phlebitis, or inflammation of the vein, can also develop from irritation by the catheter or infused substances. This condition presents with redness, warmth, and tenderness along the affected vein. In rare instances, an air embolism can occur if a significant amount of air enters the bloodstream, though small air bubbles are usually absorbed without harm. Dislodgement also disrupts medical treatment, potentially delaying critical care or medication delivery.
What to Do After the IV is Dislodged
If an IV is accidentally dislodged, remaining calm is important. Immediately apply direct, firm pressure to the insertion site with a clean gauze pad or cloth. Maintaining pressure for several minutes helps stop bleeding and minimize bruising. If the individual is on blood thinners, pressure may need to be applied for a longer duration, typically 5 to 10 minutes.
Call for nursing or medical assistance promptly. Healthcare staff will assess the site for complications, ensure the catheter is fully removed, and determine if a new IV line is required for ongoing treatment. Never attempt to reinsert the IV catheter, as this can introduce infection or cause further vein damage. Informing healthcare professionals quickly allows them to manage the situation and prevent further complications.