Many households keep both vinegar and hydrogen peroxide for various cleaning and disinfecting tasks. Vinegar, primarily a solution of acetic acid, is known for its ability to dissolve mineral deposits and cut through grease. Hydrogen peroxide, a chemical compound with the formula H2O2, is valued for its disinfecting and bleaching properties. While each of these substances is generally considered safe for individual use, combining them can create unforeseen and hazardous outcomes.
The Chemical Transformation
When acetic acid, the primary component of vinegar, reacts with hydrogen peroxide, a chemical transformation occurs. This reaction forms peracetic acid, also known as peroxiacetic acid or PAA. Peracetic acid is a potent oxidizing agent. This powerful oxidizing capability is why it is effective as a disinfectant in controlled industrial settings.
The formation of peracetic acid from acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide is an equilibrium reaction. This means that while peracetic acid is produced, the mixture also contains unreacted acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. Even without external catalysts, it can occur spontaneously when the two household products are mixed. The concentration of peracetic acid formed in a homemade mixture can vary greatly and is often difficult to predict.
Understanding the Hazards
The newly formed peracetic acid presents significant risks due to its highly corrosive and irritating properties. Exposure to this substance can lead to severe health issues. Even low concentrations of peracetic acid can pose a risk.
Inhaling peracetic acid vapors can cause severe respiratory irritation, leading to symptoms such as coughing, throat irritation, and difficulty breathing. Higher concentrations may result in more serious conditions like pulmonary edema, which is a dangerous accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Skin contact with the mixture can cause severe burns, irritation, and blistering. It is a highly corrosive chemical that can damage skin, sometimes with delayed effects.
Contact with the eyes is particularly dangerous, potentially causing severe damage and even permanent vision loss if not promptly treated. Ingesting the mixture can lead to internal burns and severe gastrointestinal issues, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and even gastric hemorrhage.
Safe Handling and Emergency Response
To prevent dangerous chemical reactions, it is important to never mix household cleaning products. Always read product labels carefully and use cleaners only as directed by the manufacturer. Both vinegar and hydrogen peroxide can be used effectively and safely individually for various cleaning purposes.
In the event of accidental exposure, immediate action is necessary. If peracetic acid contacts the skin, promptly flush the affected area with copious amounts of water for at least 15 to 20 minutes. For eye contact, rinse the eyes continuously with water for a similar duration. For inhalation exposure, move the affected individual to fresh air and keep them in a comfortable, half-upright position.
If the mixture is ingested, rinse the mouth but do not induce vomiting. Regardless of the exposure route, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services or a poison control center.