Paint thinner is a common organic solvent used to dilute oil-based paints, varnishes, and lacquers, and for cleaning painting equipment. It comprises a mixture of chemical compounds, including petroleum distillates like mineral spirits, as well as aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene. Inhalation of its volatile fumes can occur in poorly ventilated areas during painting or cleaning tasks.
Immediate Signs and Symptoms
Exposure to paint thinner vapors can result in immediate reactions affecting sensory and neurological functions. Individuals might experience dizziness, headache, or lightheadedness. Confusion, disorientation, and a feeling of being intoxicated are also common neurological responses.
Paint thinner fumes can also cause significant irritation to mucous membranes, manifesting as burning sensations or irritation in the eyes, nose, and throat. Respiratory symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or rapid breathing may also develop. Skin contact can lead to irritation and redness.
Systemic Effects and Potential Complications
The chemical components within paint thinner can affect multiple internal body systems. These substances can depress the central nervous system (CNS), leading to impaired coordination, increased drowsiness, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. Prolonged or high-level exposure can result in brain damage and cognitive difficulties, including memory impairment.
The respiratory system is particularly susceptible to harm. Airway irritation can progress to chemical pneumonitis, an inflammation of the lungs. In severe instances, fluid can accumulate in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema, further compromising breathing. If vomiting occurs after exposure, there is a risk of aspirating the chemicals into the lungs, which can cause significant injury.
The cardiovascular system can also be impacted. Exposure has been linked to irregular heart rhythms, including arrhythmias, and in some instances, a rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure. Severe exposure may lead to a higher risk of sudden cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction or ventricular fibrillation. The kidney and liver, responsible for metabolizing and eliminating toxins, may experience damage or dysfunction with significant exposure.
Emergency Response and When to Seek Medical Help
If someone has inhaled paint thinner fumes, immediate action is important. Move the affected individual to an area with fresh air as quickly as possible. Any clothing contaminated with paint thinner should be carefully removed. If the chemical has contacted the skin or eyes, these areas should be flushed with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Seeking professional medical help is necessary following paint thinner inhalation. Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or emergency services, such as 911, depending on symptom severity. When contacting medical professionals, provide details about the type of paint thinner involved, the approximate amount inhaled, the duration of exposure, and the individual’s symptoms, age, and weight.
Never induce vomiting in someone who has inhaled or ingested paint thinner, as this can increase the risk of the chemical entering the lungs. While awaiting medical assistance, continue to monitor the person’s breathing and level of consciousness.