Inhaling a foreign object into the respiratory tract, known as foreign body aspiration, can result in a serious medical emergency. This occurs when an item bypasses the esophagus and enters the airway, potentially causing an obstruction. When a cough drop is inhaled, it poses a significant risk because it can partially or completely block the passage of air to the lungs. Any such blockage demands immediate attention.
Immediate Signs and Symptoms
When a cough drop is inhaled, the body reacts with immediate physical responses. These can include sudden, forceful coughing, gagging, and choking as the airway attempts to expel the object. Individuals may also experience difficulty breathing, abnormal breath sounds like wheezing, or a distinct, loud, single-pitch noise during inhalation, known as stridor.
The severity of these symptoms often depends on the size of the cough drop and its exact location within the respiratory tract. A partial blockage might allow some air to pass, leading to persistent coughing and wheezing. However, a complete obstruction can prevent any air movement, leading to an inability to speak or cry, and potentially a bluish tint to the skin, indicating a lack of oxygen.
Urgent Actions to Take
Recognizing the signs of an inhaled cough drop requires immediate action. If someone is choking and unable to speak, breathe, or cough effectively, contact emergency medical services without delay. While waiting for professional help, first aid measures can be initiated if the person is conscious.
If the person can cough forcefully, encourage them to continue, as this natural reflex might dislodge the object. If coughing is ineffective, or the person exhibits signs of a significant airway blockage, back blows and abdominal thrusts can be administered. For adults and children over one year, deliver five sharp blows between their shoulder blades.
If back blows do not clear the airway, perform up to five abdominal thrusts, also known as the Heimlich maneuver. For infants under one year, five back blows should be given, followed by five chest thrusts if needed. It is important to avoid blindly sweeping the mouth for the object, as this could push it further into the airway. If the person becomes unconscious, gently lower them to the floor, and trained individuals should begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Medical Assessment and Treatment
Once medical professionals intervene, a thorough assessment is conducted to determine the presence and location of the aspirated cough drop. This begins with a physical examination, where doctors listen for abnormal breath sounds. Diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans, may be used to visualize the object, although some cough drops or food items may not be visible on standard X-rays.
The standard procedure for both diagnosing and removing an aspirated foreign body is a bronchoscopy. This involves inserting a thin tube with a camera, called a bronchoscope, into the airways to locate the object. Rigid bronchoscopy is a common method for removing foreign bodies, especially in children. Flexible bronchoscopy may also be used, particularly for objects located in more distant parts of the airways. After successful removal, patients are monitored for any airway swelling, increased secretions, or signs of infection.
Preventing Future Incidents
Preventing the inhalation of cough drops involves careful consumption practices and general choking prevention strategies. Cough drops, especially hard varieties, should not be given to young children, particularly those under the age of four to six years, as they pose a significant choking hazard. Their size and shape can easily block a child’s narrow airway.
For individuals of all ages, it is advisable to avoid consuming cough drops while lying down, engaging in strenuous physical activity, or talking and laughing vigorously. Ensuring the cough drop is fully dissolved before swallowing can also reduce the risk of aspiration. Keeping cough drops out of the reach of children is important, as their candy-like appearance and sweet taste can tempt them to consume them unsupervised.