Air travel can be a source of apprehension for individuals managing asthma, particularly concerning the possibility of an attack while airborne. Understanding the unique conditions within an aircraft cabin and established protocols for managing such events can help alleviate anxieties and promote a safer travel experience.
Unique Aircraft Environment and Triggers
An airplane’s cabin presents a challenging environment for individuals with asthma due to several unique factors. The air inside is typically very dry, with humidity levels often ranging from 1% to 15%, which can irritate and dry out airways. Cabin air is also recycled, circulating potential allergens such as dust, pet dander, mold, and even respiratory viruses from previous flights.
The cabin is pressurized to an equivalent altitude between 5,000 and 8,000 feet, leading to reduced oxygen saturation. This can make breathing more difficult and potentially trigger asthma symptoms, especially if one’s condition is not stable before flying. Irritants like perfumes, cleaning agents, and ozone may also be present. The psychological stress and anxiety associated with travel can also act as a trigger. A 2023 study indicated that passengers with asthma were 25% more likely to experience symptoms during or after flights.
Responding During an Attack
If an asthma attack begins during a flight, remaining calm is important to help manage symptoms. Individuals should immediately use their prescribed medication, such as a rescue inhaler, to address acute symptoms. Keeping all prescribed medications, including inhalers and nebulizers, readily accessible in carry-on luggage is important for quick access.
Alerting flight attendants promptly is crucial for obtaining assistance; they are trained to respond to medical emergencies. Sitting upright can help ease breathing during an attack. Practicing simple breathing techniques, if familiar, may also help regulate respiration and reduce distress.
Airline Crew Medical Protocols
Airline cabin crew members undergo training in basic first aid and emergency response procedures for in-flight medical events, including asthma attacks. This training includes yearly proficiency exams to ensure their knowledge remains current.
Airlines carry emergency medical kits on board, regulated by authorities like the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) or the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). These kits contain oxygen, nebulizers, bronchodilator inhalers, epinephrine, and corticosteroids. For complex situations, flight crews can communicate with ground-based medical professionals through services like MedLink. MedLink provides 24/7 access to aviation-trained emergency room doctors who offer remote guidance and can recommend medical diversions. If a medical professional is on board, flight attendants may ask for their assistance.
Post-Emergency Procedures
After an in-flight asthma attack is managed or stabilized, continuous monitoring of the individual’s condition is performed by the cabin crew. This helps ensure symptoms do not re-escalate and the passenger remains stable for the remainder of the flight.
The decision to divert a flight for a medical emergency is made by the pilot in conjunction with flight dispatch and recommendations from ground-based medical support. Diversion to an alternate airport is possible in severe or life-threatening situations, such as acute respiratory failure or if sustained cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is required. Upon arrival at the destination or diversion airport, emergency services, such as paramedics, are arranged to meet the aircraft. Passengers who have experienced an in-flight medical event are advised to seek further medical evaluation after landing, even if their symptoms have subsided.
Proactive Measures for Flight Safety
Individuals with asthma can take proactive steps to minimize the risk of an attack during air travel. Consulting a physician before travel is advisable to review a personalized asthma action plan and ensure current medications are appropriate. A doctor may also conduct a “fitness to fly assessment” or a “hypoxic challenge test” if there are concerns about coping with cabin conditions.
Carry all necessary medications, especially rescue inhalers, in carry-on luggage, ensuring sufficient quantities for the entire trip plus extra in case of delays. Keep medications in their original containers, and a doctor’s letter or prescription can facilitate security checks. Informing the airline or flight attendants about asthma beforehand is beneficial, particularly for those with severe conditions. Staying well-hydrated throughout the journey and actively avoiding known personal triggers, such as wearing a mask to filter allergens or wiping down surfaces, enhances safety.