Cicada killers are large wasps, often causing concern due to their imposing size, which can range from 1.5 to 2 inches long. Despite their intimidating appearance, these solitary wasps are generally not aggressive towards humans. They are typically observed during the summer months, and understanding their behavior can help alleviate common fears.
Typical Sting Experience
A cicada killer sting is generally less painful than stings from other wasps or bees. Many descriptions compare the sensation to a pinprick or a mild scratch, rather than an intense, burning pain. The venom primarily serves to paralyze cicadas, not to inflict severe pain on larger mammals.
Following a sting, typical reactions are localized to the sting site. You might observe a small, red bump, similar to a mosquito bite, accompanied by some swelling and redness. This localized discomfort usually subsides relatively quickly, often within about 20 minutes, though some mild symptoms like itching might linger.
First Aid and Home Care
If you are stung by a cicada killer, prompt first aid can help manage symptoms. Begin by thoroughly cleaning the sting site with soap and water to prevent potential infection. If a stinger is visible, gently scrape it off sideways with a firm object like a credit card or fingernail, rather than using tweezers, to avoid squeezing more venom into the skin.
Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected area can help reduce pain and swelling. Hold the cold pack, wrapped in a cloth, for 10 to 20 minutes at a time, repeating every hour as needed. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can alleviate discomfort, and antihistamines or hydrocortisone cream may help with itching and localized swelling.
When Professional Medical Help is Needed
While most cicada killer stings result in mild, localized reactions, some individuals may experience a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can appear rapidly, often within minutes of the sting. These signs include difficulty breathing, wheezing, widespread hives or rash across the body, dizziness, or a sudden drop in blood pressure. Swelling of the throat, lips, or tongue, and difficulty swallowing, are also serious indicators.
Immediate medical attention is necessary if any of these severe symptoms develop. Call emergency services promptly, as anaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent treatment, potentially including epinephrine. Additionally, seek professional medical advice if the sting occurs near the eyes or mouth, if signs of infection (such as increased redness, warmth, pus, or worsening pain) appear at the sting site, or if symptoms worsen significantly despite home care.
Cicada Killer Behavior and Sting Prevention
Female cicada killers use their stinger primarily to paralyze cicadas, which serve as food for their larvae in underground burrows. This specialized use means they are not typically aggressive towards humans. They will only sting if they feel directly threatened, handled roughly, or accidentally stepped on.
Male cicada killers, despite often appearing territorial and “dive-bombing” perceived threats, do not possess a stinger and are therefore harmless to humans. To prevent stings, it is advisable to avoid disturbing their nesting sites, which are typically found in loose, sandy, or well-drained soil in sunny areas like lawns, gardens, or along sidewalks. Maintaining a dense lawn and using mulch in garden beds can deter them from burrowing.