Perfume is a complex mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents. While designed for external application, accidental ingestion can occur. This article clarifies what happens when perfume enters the mouth and outlines appropriate responses.
Key Perfume Ingredients
A significant component in most perfumes is alcohol, typically ethyl alcohol, constituting between 60% and 95% of the total mixture. When ingested, this high concentration can have an immediate drying and irritating effect on mucous membranes in the mouth and throat.
Beyond alcohol, perfumes contain concentrated essential oils and various aroma compounds. These compounds are often synthetic, though natural extracts are also used. These concentrated fragrance compounds can be irritating or potentially toxic if consumed in significant quantities. Perfumes may also include smaller amounts of other additives like fixatives and dyes, all of which can contribute to irritation if ingested.
Immediate Physical Responses
When perfume accidentally enters the mouth, an immediate physical response typically occurs. Many individuals experience a burning sensation in the mouth and throat, accompanied by a strong, bitter taste. This can lead to a feeling of dryness or numbness in the oral cavity.
Beyond the initial oral discomfort, gastrointestinal symptoms may develop, particularly if a larger amount was swallowed. Nausea and stomach upset are common, and in some instances, vomiting may occur. While less common for small accidental exposures, systemic effects can manifest due to alcohol absorption or strong scent inhalation. These might include dizziness, lightheadedness, or a headache. If perfume mist is also inhaled, minor respiratory symptoms such as coughing or mild throat irritation can arise.
When to Get Professional Help
While a small, accidental taste of perfume often results in minor, temporary discomfort, certain situations necessitate professional medical attention or advice from a poison control center. Ingesting more than a small amount, especially for children, warrants immediate contact with poison control. Children are particularly susceptible to alcohol’s effects, which can include a dangerous drop in blood sugar levels.
Severe or persistent symptoms are another clear indicator for seeking help. These include intense pain, continuous vomiting, difficulty breathing, confusion, unusual drowsiness, or loss of consciousness. Vulnerable populations, such as young children, pets, or individuals with pre-existing health conditions, face increased risks from perfume ingestion and should be evaluated by a professional. If the specific ingredients of the perfume are unknown or if there is any suspicion of particularly hazardous substances, contacting a local poison control center or emergency services is advisable.
Immediate Actions to Take
For minor, accidental ingestion of perfume, several immediate steps can help mitigate discomfort and potential issues. First, thoroughly rinse the mouth with plain water, swishing and spitting to help dilute and remove any residual perfume. Following this, taking small sips of water or milk can help to dilute any swallowed perfume and soothe the throat.
It is important to avoid inducing vomiting unless specifically instructed by a poison control center or a medical professional. After these initial steps, carefully monitor for any developing or worsening symptoms. For any significant concerns or persistent symptoms, professional medical advice should be sought.