Gasoline, derived from crude oil, serves as a fuel for internal combustion engines. It is a complex blend of hydrocarbons, additives, and impurities, making it a highly flammable and toxic substance. Even brief contact can pose health risks, including direct skin exposure and vapor inhalation.
Immediate Skin Reactions
Direct contact with gasoline can cause immediate skin reactions. Gasoline acts as a defatting agent, dissolving the natural oils (lipids) in the skin’s outer layer, which results in dryness, irritation, and redness. Burning or stinging sensations may also occur. Prolonged or repeated exposure can damage the skin barrier, leading to cracking, peeling, and irritant contact dermatitis, a skin inflammation characterized by itching, rashes, and sometimes blistering. Symptom severity depends on contact duration and individual skin sensitivity.
Systemic Health Concerns
Beyond localized skin irritation, gasoline’s chemicals can be absorbed through the skin, or its vapors inhaled, leading to systemic health effects. Inhaling gasoline fumes, especially in poorly ventilated areas, can irritate the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract. Common symptoms include dizziness, headache, lightheadedness, and nausea. More severe effects can include confusion, drowsiness, staggering, slurred speech, or difficulty breathing. In extreme cases of high concentration or prolonged inhalation, effects can escalate to convulsions, coma, or heart failure.
First Aid and Medical Attention
Immediate action is needed if gasoline contacts the skin or if vapors are inhaled. Move to fresh air if fumes are present. Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, as it continues to expose skin and poses a fire hazard. The affected skin area should be thoroughly washed with soap and water for at least 15 to 20 minutes to dilute and remove the gasoline.
Medical attention is necessary for persistent or worsening symptoms, or if a large area of skin has been exposed. Seek immediate care if blistering, severe irritation, or signs of chemical burns develop. If any systemic effects occur, such as dizziness, headache, nausea, confusion, or difficulty breathing, contact a poison control center or emergency services promptly. In the United States, the Poison Help hotline can be reached at 800-222-1222. Do not induce vomiting if gasoline has been swallowed. If the person is unconscious or experiencing seizures, call emergency services immediately.