Nail polish is a widely used cosmetic product, adorning nails with various colors and finishes. Instances of accidental ingestion can occur, particularly among curious children. Nail polish is not intended for consumption and contains various chemical compounds that can cause adverse reactions if swallowed.
Nail Polish Ingredients and Potential Hazards
Nail polish formulations are complex mixtures, including solvents, film-formers, plasticizers, and pigments. Common solvents like ethyl acetate and butyl acetate are used for smooth application. These solvents can irritate the digestive tract if ingested, leading to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Film-formers such as nitrocellulose create the hard, shiny coating on the nail. Plasticizers, like dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP, are added to improve flexibility and prevent chipping. DBP has been linked to hormonal disruptions, while TPHP is an endocrine disruptor. Some polishes may also contain toluene, a solvent that can affect the central nervous system, or formaldehyde, a known carcinogen and respiratory irritant. The specific chemicals and their concentrations vary between brands, influencing the potential severity of ingestion.
Signs of Ingestion and When to Seek Medical Attention
Ingesting nail polish can lead to a range of symptoms, often starting with mild mouth and throat irritation. Symptoms include stomach upset, nausea, or vomiting. These symptoms are often transient and resolve with small ingestions.
However, more severe signs warrant immediate medical attention. If someone experiences difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, excessive drowsiness, or problems with balance and walking, emergency services should be contacted. Ingesting larger quantities of nail polish can lead to serious concerns, such as chest pain, an irregular heartbeat, or even seizures. The national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) provides guidance for any exposure.
Immediate Steps After Ingestion
Prompt action can help manage nail polish ingestion. Rinse the individual’s mouth thoroughly to remove any remaining polish. Offer small sips of water or milk to wash down residue and reduce digestive irritation.
Observe the individual closely for developing symptoms. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a medical professional or poison control center. When seeking medical advice, having the nail polish bottle readily available is beneficial, providing medical personnel access to the product’s ingredient list. This helps assess chemicals involved and determine the best course of action.