Glitter is a common decorative element, found in crafts and on food. Its widespread use often prompts questions about its safety, particularly if consumed.
What Glitter Is Made Of
Glitter typically consists of small, often hexagonal or square, particles cut from plastic film like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). These plastic flakes are coated with a thin, reflective layer, usually aluminum, to create their sparkle. Some glitter types also incorporate materials like mica, cellulose, or glass, depending on their intended use. The manufacturing process often involves applying various colorants and sealants to achieve the desired aesthetic effect.
Edible Versus Non-Edible Glitter
A key distinction exists between glitter for decorative crafts and that designed for food. Edible glitter is specifically manufactured for consumption from food-safe ingredients like gum arabic, maltodextrin, cornstarch, and food-grade colorants. In contrast, non-edible glitter, found in craft supplies or cosmetics, is typically made from non-digestible plastics and is not formulated for ingestion. Consumers can identify edible glitter by looking for specific labeling, such as “edible,” “food-grade,” or “FDA compliant,” often found in baking supply stores.
What Happens When Non-Edible Glitter is Ingested
When non-edible glitter is ingested in small amounts, it generally passes through the digestive system without being broken down. The human body does not possess the enzymes necessary to digest the plastic or metallic components of craft glitter. Consequently, it typically travels through the gastrointestinal tract and is excreted unchanged.
While not designed for consumption, craft glitter is often considered inert and is not acutely poisonous in small quantities. Some individuals might experience mild, temporary stomach upset or minor discomfort due as the indigestible particles move through the digestive system. Theoretical risks, such as irritation from sharp edges or, in extremely rare cases, blockages from very large quantities, are generally not observed with typical accidental ingestion.
When to Seek Medical Care
While small amounts of non-edible glitter are usually harmless, certain situations warrant medical attention. If a large quantity of glitter has been ingested, or if the individual experiences persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, or difficulty breathing, medical consultation is advisable. Breathing difficulties could indicate that glitter was inhaled rather than swallowed. Signs of an allergic reaction, such as hives, swelling, or widespread rash, also necessitate immediate medical evaluation. Contact a poison control center or a healthcare professional for specific concerns, especially if the type of glitter is unknown or if a child has ingested it.