Oxygen absorbers are small packets frequently found inside food packaging, such as beef jerky, dried fruits, and dehydrated meal kits. Their purpose is to extend the shelf life of the enclosed product by chemically removing oxygen from the sealed environment. This process reduces the oxygen level inside the packaging to less than 0.01%, which prevents the growth of aerobic bacteria and mold. By preventing oxidation, the absorbers help maintain the food’s flavor, color, and nutritional quality for extended periods.
Common Chemical Components
The active substance inside most standard oxygen absorber sachets is iron powder, which serves as the primary oxygen-scavenging agent. This finely ground iron reacts readily with oxygen in a process similar to rusting, forming iron oxide. This oxidation reaction effectively binds the oxygen molecules, removing them from the package atmosphere.
To facilitate and speed up this reaction, a small amount of sodium chloride (common table salt) is included as a catalyst. Salt attracts moisture, which is necessary for the iron’s oxidation process to continue efficiently. The remaining material is typically a natural filler like activated carbon or clay, which acts as a moisture regulator and structural support.
Toxicity and Safety Assessment
The primary concern following the ingestion of an oxygen absorber is the presence of elemental iron powder. While packets are often labeled “non-toxic” because components like salt and activated carbon are generally harmless in small amounts, iron is a direct gastrointestinal irritant. Iron poisoning occurs when the body absorbs too much iron, overwhelming its natural regulatory mechanisms.
This risk is significantly higher for small children due to their lower body weight, meaning a smaller quantity of iron can lead to a toxic dose. Elemental iron is corrosive to the lining of the stomach and intestines, potentially causing symptoms ranging from severe vomiting and abdominal pain to gastrointestinal bleeding. In cases of significant ingestion, systemic absorption of iron can lead to metabolic acidosis, shock, and damage to the liver and other organs.
Beyond the chemical risk, swallowing the entire sachet presents a physical hazard. The outer casing, if swallowed whole, can pose a risk of choking, particularly in young children. If the packet passes into the digestive tract, it may cause a physical obstruction, especially in smaller individuals, requiring medical intervention.
Emergency Protocol Following Ingestion
If an oxygen absorber packet or its contents have been swallowed, the immediate action is to contact a medical professional for guidance. Call the national Poison Control Center immediately at 1-800-222-1222, regardless of whether symptoms are currently present. Avoid attempting to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by Poison Control or a medical doctor.
When speaking with the medical professional, provide specific details, including the brand name, the size or capacity of the packet, and the estimated amount ingested. Monitoring the patient for symptoms such as persistent vomiting, lethargy, significant abdominal pain, or bloody stool is necessary. If the individual is choking, having difficulty breathing, or appears severely ill, emergency services (911) should be contacted immediately before calling Poison Control.