Buckeye nuts, produced by trees of the Aesculus genus like the Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra), are toxic and can have health consequences if ingested. Unlike edible nuts, they contain harmful compounds. Consuming any part of the buckeye plant can lead to adverse health effects.
Toxic Compounds in Buckeyes
Buckeye nuts contain naturally occurring toxic compounds, primarily a glycoside called aesculin and various saponins. These substances are found throughout the plant, including the leaves, bark, and seeds. When ingested, these compounds can irritate the digestive system and interfere with normal bodily functions. The highest concentrations of these chemicals are typically found in the sprouts and seeds.
Signs of Buckeye Poisoning
If a buckeye nut is consumed, a range of symptoms can develop, varying in severity based on the amount ingested and individual sensitivity. Gastrointestinal issues are common and may include stomachache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Beyond digestive upset, more severe neurological effects can occur. These neurological symptoms might manifest as muscle weakness, muscle twitching, disorientation, or an unusual “hopping” gait. In more serious cases, individuals might experience dilated pupils, depression, paralysis, stupor, seizures, or even fall into a coma.
Immediate Steps After Ingestion
If someone has eaten a buckeye nut, immediate action is necessary. The first step is to contact a poison control center or emergency services. The national, toll-free Poison Help line, 1-800-222-1222, connects callers to their local poison center 24 hours a day. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless specifically instructed to do so by a medical professional or poison control expert. If possible, try to identify the specific type of buckeye ingested, as this information can assist medical personnel in determining the appropriate course of treatment.
Buckeye Nuts Versus Buckeye Candy
A common source of confusion arises between the toxic buckeye nut from the tree and the popular confection known as “buckeye candy.” The tree nut is dark brown with a light spot, resembling a deer’s eye, which gives it its name, and is poisonous. In contrast, buckeye candy is an edible treat typically made from a creamy peanut butter mixture partially dipped in chocolate. The candy is designed to visually mimic the appearance of the buckeye nut, with a portion of the peanut butter center left exposed to resemble the “eye.” The candy version is a harmless snack.