Hand sanitizer is a widely used product designed to reduce germs on the hands when soap and water are not available. It serves as a convenient disinfectant for everyday situations. Despite its common use, hand sanitizer is not meant for consumption and can be highly dangerous if ingested, leading to severe health consequences.
The Hazardous Ingredients
Hand sanitizer poses a significant risk due to high concentrations of alcohol, such as ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. These alcohols are present in much higher percentages (60-95%) than beverage alcohol. Elevated concentrations mean even a small amount can lead to alcohol poisoning. Products may also contain denaturants, which are bitter agents added to discourage ingestion, but they do not eliminate the toxicity.
Some hand sanitizers contain methanol (methyl alcohol), a highly toxic alcohol not meant for these products. Methanol contamination is particularly dangerous, causing severe health issues like permanent blindness or death, even in small quantities. Beyond alcohol, inactive ingredients like glycerin, used to moisturize skin, and fragrances contribute to the product’s overall composition.
Signs of Poisoning
Ingesting hand sanitizer can cause symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening conditions, primarily due to alcohol poisoning. Initial signs might include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, confusion, drowsiness, slurred speech, and abdominal pain. These effects appear quickly after consumption.
More severe symptoms can develop rapidly, including central nervous system depression, unresponsiveness, or coma. Respiratory depression (slow or stopped breathing) is a serious concern. Other severe outcomes include low blood sugar, seizures, and hypothermia. In extreme cases, especially with larger ingestions or if methanol is present, organ damage to the liver and kidneys can occur, potentially causing permanent vision impairment or death. Symptoms and severity depend on the amount consumed, alcohol type and concentration, and the individual’s age and body weight.
Responding to Ingestion
Immediate action is necessary if hand sanitizer is ingested. Do not induce vomiting, as this can cause further harm. Contact the national Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222, or call emergency services like 911 if the person is unconscious or experiencing severe symptoms.
When speaking with poison control or emergency responders, provide details. Include the type of hand sanitizer, estimated amount consumed, the person’s age and weight, and any current symptoms. Seek immediate emergency care if the individual becomes unconscious, experiences seizures, or has difficulty breathing. Store hand sanitizer products out of reach, especially from children, to prevent accidental ingestion.