Bleach, a common household disinfectant, contains sodium hypochlorite, a chemical that serves to kill or control various microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, and molds. While effective for cleaning, bleach is a corrosive substance that can cause serious injury if it comes into contact with living tissues. Ingesting bleach can lead to poisoning and requires immediate attention.
Immediate Steps After Ingestion
If someone ingests bleach, prompt action is crucial to minimize harm. Immediately call emergency services, such as 911, or contact your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Provide them with information about what was ingested, the approximate amount, and any symptoms the person is experiencing. It is important to stay with the person and remain calm while awaiting medical assistance.
Do not attempt to induce vomiting, as this can cause further damage to the esophagus and mouth. Unless instructed, do not give the person anything to eat or drink, especially if they are vomiting, convulsing, or have a decreased level of alertness. If the person is unconscious or vomiting, gently place them in the recovery position on their side. If any bleach is on the skin or in the eyes, flush the affected area with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
How Bleach Affects the Body
When ingested, it can lead to chemical burns in the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach. Symptoms often include severe pain and a burning sensation in the mouth or throat, difficulty swallowing, nausea, and vomiting.
The damage can extend beyond the initial point of contact, potentially leading to internal bleeding or even perforations (holes) in the esophagus and stomach. Such perforations can result in serious infections within the chest and abdominal cavities. If fumes are inhaled, respiratory distress, coughing, and chest tightness can also occur. Without timely medical intervention, the damage can continue to progress for several weeks.
Factors Influencing Severity
The severity of injury from bleach ingestion can vary significantly depending on several factors. The concentration of the bleach plays a major role; industrial-strength bleach can have much higher concentrations. Ingesting larger amounts of any concentration will generally lead to more severe outcomes. Mixing bleach with other chemicals, such as ammonia or acids, creates highly toxic gases like chlorine gas, which can cause severe respiratory problems.
An individual’s age and overall health also influence how they react to bleach ingestion. Children and individuals with pre-existing medical conditions may experience more pronounced and dangerous effects. The promptness of medical treatment is also a significant factor, as faster intervention improves recovery.
Preventing Accidental Ingestion
Preventing accidental bleach ingestion involves careful storage and handling practices. Always keep bleach in its original, clearly labeled container. Store it in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, and never transfer it to beverage bottles or other containers that could be mistaken for drinks. When using bleach, ensure the area is well-ventilated to avoid inhaling fumes. Avoid mixing bleach with other household cleaners, especially those containing ammonia or acids, as this can produce toxic gases.