The Fiddle Leaf Fig (Ficus lyrata) is a popular houseplant recognized for its large, violin-shaped leaves. Its natural growth habit is to shoot straight upward, often resulting in a tall, single-stem plant that can quickly outgrow its space. Cutting the top section off, commonly referred to as “topping,” manages this vertical growth. This removal of the terminal growth bud encourages the plant to change its structure, promoting a bushier, multi-branched shape desirable in a potted tree.
Immediate Biological Response to the Cut
When the stem is severed, the Fiddle Leaf Fig releases a white, milky substance known as latex sap. This substance, common to all Ficus species, is a protective measure designed to seal the wound and prevent water loss and infection. The sap contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are responsible for its mildly toxic and irritating properties. Avoid direct contact with the skin; wear gloves and immediately clean the cutting tool and the wound site to prevent irritation.
Stimulating New Lateral Branches
Removing the top of the plant alters its hormonal balance, a process rooted in apical dominance. The terminal bud produces auxin, a hormone that travels downward, suppressing the growth of side shoots or auxiliary buds lower on the stem. Removing this auxin source immediately redirects the plant’s energy away from vertical growth. This interruption signals the dormant buds, located at the nodes (where leaves meet the stem), to activate. This results in the formation of new lateral branches, usually with multiple shoots emerging just below the cut.
Propagating the Removed Section
The healthy top section does not have to be discarded; it can be used to create a new plant through propagation. The cutting should have at least two to three leaves, and a clean cut must be made just below a leaf node, which stores the necessary growth hormones. To root the cutting, place it in clean water or directly into a well-draining potting mix. If using water, remove the lower leaves to prevent rotting and contamination. The cutting requires bright, indirect light and a warm environment to develop a new root system, which typically begins within two to four weeks.
Necessary Aftercare and Growth Timeline
Caring for the parent plant immediately after topping is necessary for a successful transformation. The plant needs robust, bright indirect light to fuel the new lateral growth. While consistent watering is required, the routine may need adjustment, as the smaller canopy requires less moisture until new branches fill out. Visible signs of branching, where dormant buds begin to swell, can be expected within four to eight weeks, especially if pruning occurred during the active growing season (spring or summer). Providing optimal conditions prevents shock and ensures the plant has the resources to heal and develop a strong, multi-branched structure.