Urinary retention after catheter removal is when the bladder cannot effectively empty urine following catheter removal. Despite the urge to urinate, an individual may pass little to no urine. Promptly addressing this is important, as its inability to do so can lead to discomfort and complications. This condition can occur temporarily as the bladder adjusts, or it may signal an underlying issue.
Recognizing Urinary Retention
Recognizing urinary retention involves observing specific signs. A primary indicator is a strong, persistent urge to urinate without passing any urine. Individuals may experience discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen, along with a feeling of fullness. Some also report passing only small, infrequent amounts of urine, or a sensation that the bladder has not emptied completely. It is advisable to contact a healthcare provider if no urine has been passed within 6 to 8 hours after catheter removal.
Immediate Medical Care
When a patient presents with urinary retention, healthcare professionals assess to confirm the diagnosis. This often involves a bladder scan, an ultrasound device measuring urine volume. A post-void residual (PVR) volume exceeding 300 to 500 milliliters may indicate retention. The primary intervention for acute retention is re-catheterization to drain the bladder, providing immediate relief from pain and pressure and helping prevent damage. Following re-catheterization, medical staff monitor urine output and explore underlying reasons for the retention.
Underlying Causes of Retention
Several factors can contribute to urinary retention following catheter removal. One common reason is temporary bladder muscle spasm or irritation from the catheter, which can interfere with the bladder’s ability to contract and expel urine. Swelling or inflammation in the urethra or bladder neck, potentially from catheterization or infection, can also obstruct urine flow. Nerve dysfunction, where brain-bladder communication is disrupted, can impair the bladder’s ability to signal fullness or contract. Pre-existing conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men (where an enlarged prostate presses on the urethra), or urethral strictures (narrowings often caused by scar tissue), can also obstruct urine passage.
Potential Health Risks
If acute urinary retention is not promptly addressed, health risks can emerge, as the bladder can become overdistended, which may lead to temporary or permanent damage to the bladder muscles. This muscle damage can impair the bladder’s ability to function properly even after the immediate retention is resolved. Urine backing up into the kidneys, a condition known as hydronephrosis, can occur, potentially causing kidney damage or even kidney failure over time. Stagnant urine in an incompletely emptied bladder creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Timely medical intervention is important to prevent these serious outcomes and support urinary system health.