Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that manages blood glucose levels. It enables cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream for energy, which is fundamental for balanced blood sugar and overall physiological function. For individuals with diabetes, insulin therapy is often necessary to regulate these levels.
How Heat Affects Insulin
Insulin is a protein, and like many proteins, its structure is sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Exposure to high temperatures, typically above 86°F (30°C), can cause denaturation. This process alters the insulin’s three-dimensional shape, causing it to unfold or aggregate. This structural change significantly reduces or eliminates the insulin’s ability to effectively lower blood sugar. The damage is irreversible, meaning the insulin cannot regain its original potency once compromised.
Signs Your Insulin Is Compromised
Identifying heat-compromised insulin involves visual cues and physiological responses. Clear insulin, which should appear transparent, might become cloudy, discolored, or develop visible particles or clumps. Conversely, normally cloudy insulin might become grainy or stick to the vial sides. However, visual changes are not always apparent, and insulin can lose effectiveness without any noticeable alteration in appearance. The most telling sign of compromised insulin is persistently high blood glucose levels despite administering the correct dose.
Proper Insulin Storage
Preventing heat damage to insulin requires specific storage guidelines. Unopened insulin vials or pens should be stored in a refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C) until their expiration date. Once opened, most insulin can be kept at room temperature, typically ranging from 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C), for a limited duration, usually 28 days. Avoid storing insulin in direct sunlight, hot vehicles, or near heat sources like radiators or stovetops. Always consult your specific manufacturer’s instructions, as recommendations can vary.
Steps to Take After Heat Exposure
If you suspect your insulin has been exposed to damaging heat, it is important to take immediate action. Do not use the potentially compromised insulin, as its effectiveness may be reduced, leading to uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Safely discard the suspected heat-damaged insulin according to local guidelines.
Closely monitor your blood sugar levels, as they may rise if potency is lost. Contact your healthcare provider promptly for guidance and to obtain new, properly stored insulin. Using effective insulin helps prevent complications from high blood sugar.